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Dioritic to granodioritic calc-alkaline magmatism in the Sierra de Comechingones southern tip, Córdoba, Argentina: tracking the Famatinian arc into the Pampean belt

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Abstract

The western Argentinian sector of Gondwana has been the focus of several recent studies related to the Famatinian orogeny; however, the geologic history of arc activity in hinterland areas remains poorly understood. We present new data from the Monte Guazú Complex that reveal arc-related magmatism in the Sierras de Córdoba, which we consider part of the Famatinian hinterland. Igneous rocks comprise a diorite unit which includes an amphibole quartz-gabbro/diorite and a tonalite unit comprising amphibole- and biotite-bearing tonalites to minor granodiorites. Both units constitute a medium-K calc-alkaline series ranging in composition from metaluminous to moderately peraluminous. Trace-element signatures show Ti and Nb depletion and strong incompatible element enrichments (large-ion lithophile elements, Pb, Th, U, and light-rare earth elements) relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts, suggesting that they formed in an arc setting. U–Pb zircon geochronology constrains magmatism to 455–498 Ma, while weighted mean ages of 474–489 Ma are mostly synchronous with the Famatinian arc beginning. We demonstrate that fractional crystallization of mantle wedge-derived melts controlled the early magmatic evolution, while country rock assimilation and anatectic melt mixing were prevalent in evolved rock members. These results spatially extend the Late Cambrian–Late Ordovician Famatinian retro-arc to the southern Sierras de Córdoba. Our findings show that magmatism involved coeval anatexis of host rocks, conversely to previous geodynamic models. Our data have fundamental implications for Paleozoic tectonic and magmatic processes operating along the western Argentinian sector of Gondwana, demonstrating the importance of crustal reworking and the addition of mantle material in the Famatinian arc inboard sector.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by grants PICT-2020-A-3178, PICT-2018-D-2549 and PIP 11220200103191-CONICET from the Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnología, and PPI 18/C573 grant from the Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Moreover, an academic mobility scholarship funded by the Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado promotes this research. We thank Facundo Gonzalez, Matín Poffo, and Ezequiel Iglesias for their fieldwork contributions.

Funding

This study was supported by Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (11220200103191-CONICET, PICTA3178/20, PICTD2549/18); and by Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (PPI18/C573).

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  1. Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina

    María P. Benito, Alina M. Tibaldi, Eber A. Cristofolini, Matías G. Barzola & Facundo A. Escribano

  2. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Sustentabilidad Ambiental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina

    María P. Benito, Alina M. Tibaldi, Eber A. Cristofolini, Matías G. Barzola & Facundo A. Escribano

  3. Department of Geological Sciences, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA, USA

    Joshua J. Schwartz

  4. Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, 18002, Granada, Spain

    José F. Molina

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  1. María P. Benito
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  2. Alina M. Tibaldi
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  3. Eber A. Cristofolini
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  4. Matías G. Barzola
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  5. Joshua J. Schwartz
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  6. José F. Molina
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  7. Facundo A. Escribano
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All authors have worked in research, conceptualization, data analysis, methodologies, writing, and editing.

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Correspondence to María P. Benito.

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Benito, M.P., Tibaldi, A.M., Cristofolini, E.A. et al. Dioritic to granodioritic calc-alkaline magmatism in the Sierra de Comechingones southern tip, Córdoba, Argentina: tracking the Famatinian arc into the Pampean belt. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 113, 611–633 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-024-02385-y

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