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Tree spacings and nutrient sources effect on turmeric yield, quality, bio-economics and soil fertility in a poplar-based agroforestry system in Indian Himalayas

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Abstract

The tree-based farming system is one of the finest options for crop diversification, ecological stabilisation and economic upliftment in the Indian Himalayan regions. Keeping this scenario in mind, an on-field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Populus deltoides ‘G-48’ tree spacings (S1:6 m × 4 m, S2:4 m × 4 m) with open-field condition (S0) and different nutrient sources [T1:Control; T2:100% RDN (recommended dose of nitrogen); T3:75% RDN + 25% FYM (farmyard manure); T4:50% RDN + 50% FYM; T5:25% RDN + 75% FYM; T6:100% FYM; T7:100% Vermicompost); T8:Jeevamrut (10%), each replicated thrice] on agronomic performance of Curcuma longa at Solan, India during 2019–2021. The results revealed that C. longa grown under tree spacing S1 coupled with the application of T3 treatment showed marked enhancement in growth, quality attributes of C. longa and post-harvest soil nutrient status whereas, yield attributes were better in S0. The yield of C. longa was curtailed by 22.5 and 31.6%, whereas curcumin content was enhanced by 13.4% and 12.2% under S1 and S2, respectively over S0. The vegetation carbon density (66.38 Mg ha−1), total ecosystem carbon density (119.04 Mg ha−1), and total carbon sequestered (436.47 Mg ha−1) was found to be higher under S1, whereas soil carbon density (55.68 Mg ha−1) was maximum under S2 being at par with S1. Maximum net returns (14,693 US$ ha−1 yr−1) were realised under S1 tree spacing and T3 treatment. Overall, the study concluded that in P. deltoids–C. longa system, application of 75% RDN + 25% FYM at 6 m × 4 m spacing of poplar have demonstrated efficacy in getting a better quality of turmeric, maintaining soil fertility, and combating climate change.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Head of the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Y.S. Parmar, University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan (HP), India, for providing the necessary facilities during the study. The authors also duly acknowledge the use of the facilities provided by AICRP on Agroforestry of YSPUH&F center.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India

    Umakanta Dash, Bhupender Gupta, D. R. Bhardwaj, Prashant Sharma, Dhirendar Kumar, Alisha Keprate,  Shilpa & Jyotiraditya Das

  2. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Dhemaji, Assam, 787034, India

    Umakanta Dash

  3. Department of Soil Science and Watershed Management, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India

    Anjali Chauhan

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  1. Umakanta Dash
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  2. Bhupender Gupta
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  3. D. R. Bhardwaj
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  8. Shilpa
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  9. Jyotiraditya Das
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design, draft preparation, data collection and analysis, reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to D. R. Bhardwaj or Prashant Sharma.

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Dash, U., Gupta, B., Bhardwaj, D.R. et al. Tree spacings and nutrient sources effect on turmeric yield, quality, bio-economics and soil fertility in a poplar-based agroforestry system in Indian Himalayas. Agroforest Syst 98, 911–931 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-024-00962-3

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