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Arbuscular mycorrhizae reduced arsenic induced oxidative stress by coordinating nutrient uptake and proline-glutathione levels in Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea)

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Abstract

Accumulation of Arsenic (As) generates oxidative stress by reducing nutrients availability in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can impart metalloid tolerance in plants by enhancing the synthesis of sulfur (S)-rich peptides (glutathione- GSH) and low-molecular-weight nitrogenous (N) osmolytes (proline- Pro). The present study, therefore investigated the efficiency of 3 AM fungal species (Rhizoglomus intraradices-Ri, Funneliformis mosseae -Fm and Claroideoglomus claroideum- Cc) in imparting As (arsenate-AsV −40 at 60 mg kg−1 and arsenite- AsIII at 5 and 10 mg kg−1) tolerance in two Cicer arietinum (chickpea) genotypes (HC 3 and C 235). As induced significantly higher negative impacts in roots than shoots, which was in accordance with proportionately higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the former, with AsIII more toxic than AsV. Mycorrhizal symbiosis overcame oxidative stress by providing the host plants with necessary nutrients (P, N, and S) through enhanced microbial enzyme activities (MEAs) in soil, which increased the synthesis of Pro and GSH and established a redox balance in the two genotypes. This coordination between nutrient status, Pro-GSH levels, and antioxidant defense was stronger in HC 3 than C 235 due to its higher responsiveness to the three AM species. However, Ri was most beneficial in inducing redox homeostasis, followed by Fm and Cc, since the Cicer arietinum-Ri combination displayed the maximum ability to boost antioxidant defense mechanisms and establish a coordination with Pro synthesis. Thus, the results highlighted the importance of selecting specific chickpea genotypes having an ability to establish effective mycorrhizal symbiosis for imparting As stress tolerance.

Highlights

  • AsIII induced higher oxidative stress than AsV.

  • HC 3 established more effective mycorrhizal symbiosis than C 235.

  • AM improved N and S availability to plants by enhancing MEAs in soil.

  • Enhanced nutrient concentrations led to increased Pro-GSH levels.

  • Ri was most effective in coordinating nutrient uptake and Pro-GSH levels.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful for the financial support from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India (BT/PR13409/BPA/118/122/2015). The authors are grateful to Haryana Agriculture University (HAU), Hisar, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), and The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI), New Delhi for providing biological resources.

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  1. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Amandeep Cheema & Neera Garg

  2. Department of Agriculture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, India

    Amandeep Cheema & Neera Garg

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  1. Amandeep Cheema
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Both the authors contributed equally in the preparation of manuscript. The corresponding author (NG) designed the work plan and experimental setup. The first author (AC) conducted research experiments under direct supervision and guidance of NG.

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Correspondence to Neera Garg.

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Cheema, A., Garg, N. Arbuscular mycorrhizae reduced arsenic induced oxidative stress by coordinating nutrient uptake and proline-glutathione levels in Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea). Ecotoxicology 33, 205–225 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02739-x

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