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Repellent activity of the non-host semiochemical (E)-2-octenal against Amblyomma sculptum and Amblyomma dubitatum ticks under field conditions

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Abstract

Amblyomma ticks pose a significant public health threat due to their potential to transmit pathogens associated with rickettsial diseases. (E)-2-octenal, a compound found in donkeys (Equus asinus), exhibits strong repellent properties against Amblyomma sculptum nymphs under laboratory conditions. This study assessed the effectiveness of the (E)-2-octenal in wearable slow-release devices for personal human protection against Amblyomma ticks under natural conditions. Slow-release devices treated with (E)-2-octenal and untreated controls were prepared and tested on two volunteers walking through a tick-infested area in Goiania, Brazil. The experiment was conducted twice daily for three series of 10 days, with each volunteer wearing two devices attached to each leg, one on the ankle and one just above the thigh. Volunteers with control and treated devices exchanged them between rounds. Also, the daily release rate of (E)-2-octenal from the slow-release devices was determined in the laboratory, increasing significantly from 0.77 ± 0.14 µg/day on the first day to 9.93 ± 1.92 µg/day on the 4th day and remaining constant until the 16th day. A total of 5409 ticks were collected from both volunteers. Treated devices resulted in recovering fewer ticks (n = 1,666; 31%) compared to untreated devices (control: n = 3,743; 69%). (E)-2-octenal effectively repelled Amblyomma spp. larvae, A. sculptum adults, and exhibited pronounced repellency against A. dubitatum nymphs and adults. These findings suggest the potential of (E)-2-octenal delivered by wearable slow-release devices as a green-based repellent. Further improvements, however, are necessary to provide better protection for humans against A. sculptum and A. dubitatum in field conditions.

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Funding

This research was supported by grants from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG, 201710267000515) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (INCT-EM, 465678/2014-9). The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) of Brazil provided a Ph.D. scholarship for V.H.Lima, and the grant PQ 306319/2018-7 for É.K.K.Fernandes. The Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) of Brazil provided PhD scholarship for S.M.N.Pinto (CAPES Finance code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil

    Valesca Henrique Lima, Salorrane Miranda do Nascimento Pinto, Lucas Prado Barreto, Éverton Kort Kamp Fernandes & Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges

  2. R&D Chemistry Laboratory, Biobab S.L., 28925, Madrid, Spain

    André Lucio Franceschini Sarria

  3. Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariúna, SP, 13918-110, Brazil

    Gabriel Moura Mascarin

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  1. Valesca Henrique Lima
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  2. Salorrane Miranda do Nascimento Pinto
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  3. Lucas Prado Barreto
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  4. André Lucio Franceschini Sarria
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Contributions

Valesca H. Lima: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. Salorrane M. N. Pinto: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Lucas P. Barreto: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. André L. F. Sarria: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. Gabriel M. Mascarin: Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. Éverton K. K. Fernandes: Resources, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition, Visualization. Lígia M. F. Borges: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition, Visualization.

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Correspondence to Éverton Kort Kamp Fernandes.

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This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás (CEP/UFG) under protocol #4.931.071.

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Lima, V.H., do Nascimento Pinto, S.M., Barreto, L.P. et al. Repellent activity of the non-host semiochemical (E)-2-octenal against Amblyomma sculptum and Amblyomma dubitatum ticks under field conditions. Exp Appl Acarol 92, 423–437 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-023-00880-6

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