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Horizontal Fine Structure of River Water Flow in the Volga Delta According to Satellite Data of High Spatial Resolution

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Abstract

From 1995 to the present, the level of the Caspian Sea decreased by almost 3 m, which significantly affects the morphometry and the ecological state of shallow water areas. First of all, this concerns the shallow Northern Caspian and, especially, the Volga Delta, which over the years has moved 10–20 km forward and grown by about 3000 km2 in area. Changes in the morphometric characteristics of the Volga Delta inevitably affect the hydrodynamic, hydrophysical, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological characteristics of river water in the foredelta. From May 18 to 20,  2021, complex hydrophysical, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological studies of river water were carried out in the southwestern part of the Volga Delta. A total of 32 stations were completed, at which water surface temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, and chlorophyll a and oxygen concentrations were measured and samples were taken for further analysis in the laboratory. They showed a complex picture of the distribution of the studied parameters, both along the watercourses and across them. Only high spatial resolution optical and infrared Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS satellite images, obtained on May 20, 2021, almost simultaneously with the ongoing studies in the Volga Delta, helped the spatial distribution of these parameters to be understood. As a result of the analysis of the images, it was possible for the first time to identify a horizontal fine structure of watercourses, which is an alternation of clear immiscible narrow jets with significantly different characteristics of temperature, suspended matter, turbidity, and chlorophyll a.

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Funding

A.G. Kostianoy and O.Yu. Lavrova analyzed satellite data with the support of Russian Science Foundation grant no. 23-77-00027 “Study of Climatic Variability of the Thermohydrodynamic Regime of the Caspian Sea Based on Remote Sensing Data” (2023–2026) (https://rscf.ru/project/23-77-00027/). A.A. Polukhin, A.V. Kostyleva, and P.V. Khlebopashev carried out field measurements in the Volga delta and analyzed hydrochemical and hydrobiological data within the framework of state assignment no. FMWE-2021-0007 “Marine and Ocean Ecosystems in Conditions of a Changing Climate and Anthropogenic Impact: Structure and Biological Productivity of the Ecosystem of the Arctic Basin and the Seas of Russia, Ecosystems and Potential Biological Resources of the Open Ocean.” D.M. Solovyov was involved in the construction of satellite maps within the framework of state order no. FNNN-2021-0003 “Development of Methods of Operational Oceanology Based on Interdisciplinary Studies of the Processes of Formation and Evolution of the Marine Environment and Mathematical Modeling Using Data from Remote and Contact Measurements” (“Operational Oceanology”). P.D. Zhadanova carried out calculations of water turbidity and the concentration of suspended matter and chlorophyll a according to various recommended algorithms within the framework of a state order to the Institute of Computer Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the topic “Monitoring,” state registration no. 122042500031-8.

The authors dedicate this work to Dr. of Geographical Sciences P.N. Makkaveev, the ideological inspirer of research into hydrochemical and biological processes in the delta front of the Volga River.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    A. G. Kostianoy, A. A. Polukhin, A. V. Kostyleva & P. V. Khlebopashev

  2. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    O. Yu. Lavrova & P. D. Zhadanova

  3. Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 299011, Sevastopol, Russia

    D. M. Soloviev

  4. Moscow Witte University, 115432, Moscow, Russia

    A. G. Kostianoy

Authors
  1. A. G. Kostianoy
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  2. O. Yu. Lavrova
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  3. A. A. Polukhin
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  4. A. V. Kostyleva
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  5. P. V. Khlebopashev
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  6. D. M. Soloviev
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  7. P. D. Zhadanova
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to A. G. Kostianoy, O. Yu. Lavrova, A. A. Polukhin, A. V. Kostyleva, P. V. Khlebopashev, D. M. Soloviev or P. D. Zhadanova.

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Kostianoy, A.G., Lavrova, O.Y., Polukhin, A.A. et al. Horizontal Fine Structure of River Water Flow in the Volga Delta According to Satellite Data of High Spatial Resolution. Cosmic Res 61 (Suppl 1), S141–S151 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952523700570

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