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Ionospheric Response to Anomalous Geomagnetic Storm of 27 October 2021–05 November 2021

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Abstract

This study presents the first results on the ionospheric response and occurrence of ionospheric irregularities to the anomalous geomagnetic storm which occurred during period of 27 October 2021–05 November 2021 that was the first strong anomalous storm occurred in the current solar cycle with symmetric horizontal component (SYM-H) peak value of − 118 nT. Multi-site GPS observations from middle latitude of European longitudinal, equatorial region of American and Asian sector were used to analyze variations of total electron content (TEC) and the occurrence of the ionospheric irregularities during the storm period. The storm caused composite consequences on the terrestrial ionosphere. The remarkable positive ionospheric storm with deviation in TEC (ΔTEC) \(\approx\)(120–200) %  was occurred at equatorial station over American within longitudinal belt of \({\left(65-74\right)}^{^\circ }\)W during the beginning of recovery phase of the storm. In addition, appreciable vertical total electron content enhancement of  ΔTEC \(\approx\)(40–60) % was also noticed during recovery phase over European middle latitude with in longitudinal belt of \({\left(2-20\right)}^{^\circ }\) E. Regarding, occurrence of ionospheric irregularity the present study concluded that, the generation of ionospheric irregularity was completely suppressed during initial, major and recovery phase of the storm over both equatorial regions of American and Indian longitudinal sector. However, there was a moderate occurrence of ionospheric irregularity over both sectors during 27–31 October 2021, which could be attributed to the effect of 28 October solar flare and less intensity of southward-directed Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMFBz) during this periods. Moreover, the local time at which the maximum excursion of SYM-H may matter for the suppression of irregularities during the anomalous strong storm of 4 November 2021. In future, it may need further study, using additional observations and numerical modeling which may  shed more light on the response of anomalous geomagnetic storm of 4 November 2021. This study is presenting the first result of ionospheric response and the effects of anomalous geomagnetic storm of the current solar cycle on the occurrence of irregularities over low latitude region of South American and Asian sector.

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Data availability

The GPS data can be downloded from https://data.unavco.org/archive/gnss/rinex/obs/. The solar wind data can be obtained or downloded from https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/nxl.cgi. The magnetometer data is publically available on https://supermag.jhuapl.edu/indices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to extend their appreciation to the following organizations for easy access to their data: the International GNSS Service (IGS) (http://www.unavco.org/data/gps-gnss/data/, http://www.nignet.net/, the World Center for Geomagnetism, (WDC) Kyoto (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp0), the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices (ISGI), and the ACE science center (https://cdaweb.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html/).

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  1. Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Arat Kilo, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Asebe Oljira Geleta

  2. Department of Physics, Wollega University, Boared, 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia

    Asebe Oljira Geleta

  3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), Plot 10071, Palapye, Botswana

    Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu

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AO was generating the conceptualization of the study, drafting the manuscript, interpreting of data and did analysis. GM was assisting the scientific advisory on the interpretation of data. 

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Correspondence to Asebe Oljira Geleta.

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Geleta, A.O., Mengistu Tsidu, G. Ionospheric Response to Anomalous Geomagnetic Storm of 27 October 2021–05 November 2021. Pure Appl. Geophys. 181, 895–918 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03434-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03434-y

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