Abstract
Lithium niobate (LN) has emerged as a promising electro-optic (EO) material with applications in silicon photonics. It demonstrates a large linear EO response, often referred to as the Pockels effect. We report on a first-principles investigation of the origins of the Pockels response in LN. We examine three contributions to the Pockels tensor, its electronic, ionic (Raman), and piezoelectric components, and demonstrate that the large value of Raman susceptibility can be traced to specific modes that affect the Nb-O bonding. To examine the origin of the piezoelectric Pockels response, we compute the elasto-optic and piezoelectric tensors. Importantly, the largest component of the Pockels tensor is dominated by the ionic response, which explains the insensitivity of the EO effect in LN to frequency.
- Received 15 November 2023
- Revised 22 January 2024
- Accepted 5 February 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.8.025202
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