Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Enhanced Strength–Ductility Synergy in Submerged Friction Stir Processing ER2319 Alloy Manufactured by Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing via Creating Ultrafine Microstructure

  • Published:
Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Aims and scope

Abstract

Submerged friction stir processing (SFSP) with flowing water was employed to alleviate the porosities and coarse-grained structure introduced by wire-arc manufacturing. As a result, uniform and ultrafine grained (UFG) structure with average grain size of 0.83 μm was achieved with the help of sharply reduced heat input and holding time at elevated temperature. The optimized UFG structure enabled a superior combination of strength and ductility with high ultimate tensile strength and elongation of 273.17 MPa and 15.39%. Specifically, grain refinement strengthening and decentralized θ(Al2Cu) phase in the sample subjected to SFSP made great contributions to the enhanced strength. In addition, the decrease in residual stresses and removal of pores substantially enhance the ductility. High rates of cooling and low temperature cycling, which are facilitated by the water-cooling environment throughout the machining process, are vital in obtaining superior microstructures. This work provides a new method for developing a uniform and UFG structure with excellent mechanical properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data produced or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  1. Y. Guo, Q. Han, J. Hu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 475 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Li, J. Ning, G.F. Zhang, L.J. Zhang, J. Wu, L.X. Zhang, Vacuum 184, 109860 (2021)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. N. Li, C.L. Jia, Z.W. Wang, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 33, 947956 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  4. D. Jafari, T.H.J. Vaneker, I. Gibson, Mater. Des. 202, 109471 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. X.J. Zhang, W.Y. Zhao, Y.H. Wei, J.W. Long, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 28, 829 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.L. Gu, J.L. Ding, S.W. Williams, H.M. Gu, P.H. Ma, Y.C. Zhai, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 230, 26 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. S.C. Han, U.M. Chaudry, H.M.R. Tariq, T.S. Jun, Mater. Lett. 349, 134881 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F.J. Cao, T. Sun, J.P. Hu, Mater. Des. 225, 111492 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. N. Li, C.L. Jia, Z.W. Wang, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 33, 947 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Ramesh, S. Pradeep, V. Pancholi, Metall. Mater. Trans. Part A 43, 4311 (2012)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. P. He, X.W. Bai, H.O. Zhang, Mater. Lett. 330, 133365 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J.X. Wei, C.S. He, M.F. Qie, Y. Li, Y. Zhao, Vacuum 203, 111264 (2022)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.Q. Zhang, Y.F. Shen, X. Yao, H.S. Xu, B. Li, Mater. Des. 64, 74 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. Joshani, B. Beidokhti, A. Davodi, M. Amelzadeh, J. Alloys Metall. Syst. 3, 100017 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Liu, W.H. Xu, Y.Q. Zhao, Z.C. Lin, Z. Liu, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 25, 1055 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S.S. Sabari, S. Malarvizhi, V. Balasubramanian, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 37, 286 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. X.C. Luo, H.L. Liu, L.M. Kang, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 757 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. H.S. Chen, H.H. Nie, J. Zhou, W.X. Wang, J. Nucl. Mater. 517, 393 (2019)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Wang, S.Y. Chen, K. Qiao, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 703 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Saadatmand, J.A. Mohandesi, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 28, 584 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M.A. Wahid, Z.A. Khan, A.N. Siddiquee, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. Today 28, 193 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. G.M. Xie, H.B. Cui, Z.A. Luo, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 704, 311 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. R. Kesharwani, K.K. Jha, M.A. Anshari, M. Imam, C. Sarkar, Mater. Today Commun. 33, 104785 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. G.Q. Huang, J. Wu, W.T. Hou, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 806, 140831 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Mao, L. Ke, Y. Chen, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34, 228 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. L.H. Wu, X.B. Hu, X.X. Zhang, Y.Z. Li, Z.Y. Ma, Acta Mater. 166, 371 (2019)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Hajian, A. Abdollah-zadeh, S.S. Rezaei-Nejad, Mater. Des. 67, 82 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. P.Y. Zhi, G. Bo, Q.L. Qing, Materials 11, 1399 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. H.J. Jiang, B. Zhang, C.Y. Liu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 32, 1135 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Chen, L.L. Wang, S. He, F.Y. Lyu, X.H. Zhan, Mater. Sci. Technol. 38, 1519 (2022)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. R. Kaibyshev, K. Shipilova, F. Musin, Y. Motohashi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 396, 341 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. R.W. Fonda, K.E. Knipling, J.F. Bingert, Scr. Mater. 58, 343 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. X. Li, X.T. Li, Mater. Lett. 344, 134461 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Q. Yang, L.R. Zhao, Mater. Charact. 59, 1285 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. N. An, S. Shuai, T. Hu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 25 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. W. Woo, T. Ungar, Z. Feng, K. Kenik, Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 41, 1210 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Jiang, H. Wang, Y. Wu, X. Liu, Nature 544, 460 (2017)

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. J. Aufrecht, A. Leineweber, J. Foct, Philos. Mag. 88, 1835 (2008)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. C.E. Krill, R. Birringer, Matter. Struct. Defects Mech. Prop. 77, 621 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Peel, A. Steuwer, M. Preuss, P.J. Withers, Acta Mater. 51, 4791 (2003)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. O. Hatamleh, I.V. Rivero, A. Maredia, Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 39, 2867 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. R.Z. Yu, S.F. Yu, Z.Y. Yu, B. Zheng, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 316, 117951 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. X.J. Zhang, Y.R. He, Y.H. Wei, CIRP, J. Manuf. Sci. Technol. 46, 230 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Wei, C. He, M. Qie, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 311, 117809 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Z.N. Wang, X. Lin, L.L. Wang, Y. Cao, Y.H. Zhou, W.D. Huang, Addit. Manuf. 47, 102298 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. R.D. Adams, T. Brearley, E. Nehammer, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Pt. L: J. Mater. Des. Appl. 235, 1477 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  47. X. Liu, Y. Sun, T. Nagira, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 33, 1001 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. J. Zhang, H. Liu, X. Chen, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 727 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mr. Shu Nan (Shanghai Jiaotong University) for providing the test equipment for EBSD and Mr. Xujin Zhang for providing the raw materials prepared by wire-arc additive manufacturing. We also thank Mr. Yumeng Huang for teaching us how to use some drawing software.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, 210016, China

    Jinpeng Hu, Tao Sun, Fujun Cao, Yifu Shen, Zhiyuan Yang & Chan Guo

Authors
  1. Jinpeng Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tao Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fujun Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yifu Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhiyuan Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chan Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JH and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. JH: investigation, analysis, writing—original draft preparation. TS: investigation, data collection. FC: analysis, reviewing and editing. YS: investigation, reviewing, editing and supervision. ZY: reviewing and editing. CG: reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yifu Shen.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hu, J., Sun, T., Cao, F. et al. Enhanced Strength–Ductility Synergy in Submerged Friction Stir Processing ER2319 Alloy Manufactured by Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing via Creating Ultrafine Microstructure. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-023-01655-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-023-01655-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation