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Evaluation of the Adaptability of Spring Soft Wheat Varieties Under the Conditions of the Orenburg Region

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Abstract

The research was carried out to assess the adaptability of spring soft wheat varieties based on the results of their environmental studies in different zones of the Orenburg region. In 2015–2020, 14 varieties were studied in the conditions of the Cis-Urals and 17 varieties were studied in the Trans-Urals. The experiments were carried out: in the Cis-Ural region on ordinary chernozem with a content of 2.9–5.6 mg/100 g of nitrate nitrogen in the soil layer of 0–30 cm (per 100 g), 2.3–2.8 and 26.7–38.4 mg/100 g of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin); in the Trans-Urals on southern chernozem with a 4.3–5.8 mg/100 g of nitrate nitrogen, 0.8–1.9 and 25…48 mg/100 g of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin). Favorable conditions have developed in 2015 with the HTC = 1.10 in the Cis-Urals and 1.34 in the Trans-Urals and 0.58 and 0.86 in 2017. The 2020 season was unfavorable, the HTC amounted to 0.30 in the Cis-Ural region and 0.24 in the Trans-Ural region. The yield of the studied varieties in favorable years reached 3.94 t/ha in the Cis-Ural region and 3.05 t/ha in the Trans-Ural region. When weather conditions worsened, grain harvest decreased to 0.94 t/ha and 0.50 t/ha, respectively. To assess the ecological adaptability of varieties, the indicator of ecological plasticity according to A.A. Gryaznov, the stability index and the stability index of the stability index (SSSI), the coefficient of variation of yield, and the homeoadaptability index were calculated. The final assessment of the adaptability of varieties was carried out by ranking the varieties according to indicators of environmental plasticity. Orenburgskaya 23, Favorit, Ulyanovskaya 105, Erika, Prokhorovka with an average yield over the years of research of 2.53–2.72 t/ha were the most adaptive varieties in the Cis-Ural region (sum of ranks 21–32). In the eastern zone, Orenburgskaya 23, Orenburgskaya 22, Orenburgskaya 13, Raduga, Ekada 97, and Ulyanovskaya 100 with an average yield of 1.75–2.21 t/ha were the best varieties (sum of ranks 9–39).

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Funding

The work was carried out within the theme of the State Assignment of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FSC BST RAS 0526-2022-0014.

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  1. Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000, Orenburg, Russia

    I. N. Besaliev

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  1. I. N. Besaliev
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Translated by M. Shulskaya

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Besaliev, I.N. Evaluation of the Adaptability of Spring Soft Wheat Varieties Under the Conditions of the Orenburg Region. Russ. Agricult. Sci. 49 (Suppl 3), S456–S462 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367423090021

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