Skip to main content
Log in

Equilibrium in Secure Strategies As a Development of the Concept of Nash Equilibrium

  • MATHEMATICS
  • Published:
Doklady Mathematics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As its main goal, the article advocates the rationality of the concept of equilibrium in secure strategies (EinSS) and the organic proximity of the logic of this concept to the logic underlying the classical approach to solving game-theory problems through Nash equilibrium. The article examines in detail the system of EinSS definitions through the prism of the Nash equilibrium concept. Based on this analogy, the connection between the existence of EinSS and the existence of a Nash equilibrium is established.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

REFERENCES

  1. M. B. Iskakov, “Equilibrium in safe strategies,” Autom. Remote Control 66 (3), 465–478 (2005).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. A. B. Iskakov and M. B. Iskakov, “In search of a generalized concept of rationality,” Zh. Novoi Ekon. Assots., No. 2, 181–189 (2017).

  3. N. A. Korgin, “Interview with a leading researcher of Lab 57" (2018). https://www.ipu.ru/press-center/43106

  4. D. A. Novikov, “Models of strategic behavior,” Autom. Remote Control 73 (1), 1–19 (2012).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. D. A. Novikov and A. G. Chkhartishvili, Reflexive Games (SINTEG, Moscow, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  6. D. A. Novikov and A. G. Chkhartishvili, Reflexion and Control: Mathematical Models (Fizmatlit, Moscow, 2012; CRC, Boca Raton, 2014).

  7. R. J. Aumann, “Rule-rationality versus act-rationality,” Discussion Paper 497 (Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, 2008).

  8. R. Aumann and A. Brandenburger, “Epistemic conditions for Nash equilibrium,” Econometrica 63 (5), 1161–1180 (1995).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. R. J. Aumann and M. Maschler, “The bargaining set for cooperative games,” in Advances in Game Theory (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1964), pp. 443–476.

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Bernheim, “Rationalizable strategic behavior,” Econometrica 52, 1007–1028 (1984).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. C. F. Camerer, T.-H. Ho, and J.-K. Chong, “Sophisticated experience-weighted attraction learning and strategic teaching in repeated games,” J. Econ. Theory 104 (1), 137–188 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. V. P. Crawford, M. A. Costa-Gomes, and N. Iriberri, “Structural models of non-equilibrium strategic thinking: Theory, evidence, and applications,” J. Econ. Lit, 51 (1), 5–62 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. V. P. Crawford, “Boundedly rational versus optimization-based models of strategic thinking and learning in games,” J. Econ. Lit. 51 (2), 512–527 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P. Dasgupta and E. Maskin, “The existence of equilibrium in discontinuous economic games: I. Theory,” Rev. Econ. Stud. 53 (1), 1–26 (1986).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. P. Dasgupta and E. Maskin, “The existence of equilibrium in discontinuous economic games: II. Applications,” Rev. Econ. Stud. 53 (1), 27–41 (1986).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Friedman, “A non-cooperative equilibrium for supergames,” Rev. Econ. Stud. 38 (1), 1–12 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. D. Fudenberg and D. Levine, The Theory of Learning in Games (MIT, Cambridge, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. Harstad and R. Selten, “Bounded-rationality models: Tasks to become intellectually competitive,” J. Econ. Lit. 51 (2), 496–511 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Iskakov, A. Iskakov, and C. d’Aspremont, “Games for cautious players: The equilibrium in secure strategies,” Games Econ. Behav. 110, 58–70 (2018).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, “Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk,” Econometrica 47 (2), 263–291 (1979).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. M. W. Macy and A. Flache, “Learning dynamics in social dilemmas,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99, 7229–7236 (2002).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. R. D. McKelvey and T. R. Palfrey, “A statistical theory of equilibrium in games,” Jpn. Econ. Rev. 47 (2), 186–209 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Milgrom and J. Roberts, “Adaptive and sophisticated learning in normal form games,” Games Econ. Behav. 3 (1), 82–100 (1991).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. W. Muller and H. T. Normann, “Conjectural variations and evolutionary stability: A rationale for consistency,” J. Inst. Theor. Econ. 161 (3), 491–502 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Nash, “Non-cooperative games,” Ann. Math. 54, 286–295 (1951).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Neumann and O. Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1944).

    Google Scholar 

  27. D. Pearce, “Rationalizable strategic behavior and the problem of perfection,” Econometrica 52, 1029–1050 (1984).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Rabin, “Incorporating fairness into game theory and economics,” Am. Econ. Rev. 83 (5), 1281–1302 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Rubinstein, Modeling Bounded Rationality (MIT, Cambridge, 1998).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Rubinstein, “Modeling bounded rationality in economic theory: Four examples,” in Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality (Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2021), pp. 423–436.

  31. P. Samuelson, Foundations of Economic Analysis (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1947).

    Google Scholar 

  32. R. Selton, “Aspiration adaptation theory,” J. Math. Psychol. 42 (2–3), 191–214 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. H. A. Simon, “A behavioral model of rational choice,” Q. J. Econ. 69, 99–118 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. H. A. Simon, “Rational choice and the structure of the environment,” Psychol. Rev. 63 (2), 129–138 (1956).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. J. M. Smith, Evolution and the Theory of Games (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1982).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  36. Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality, Ed. by R. Viale (Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2021).

  37. G. Wheeler, “Bounded rationality,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford, 2020).

  38. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded_rationality

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The article was written in accordance with long-term plans that arose in the course of work on a large paper [19], and the authors express deep gratitude to the co-author of this paper, C. d’Aspremont. The main provisions of the article were presented at the seminars “Theory of management of organizational systems” and “Expert assessments and data analysis” at the V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences; the authors are grateful to their supervisors D.A. Novikov and F.T. Aleskerov for the insightful discussions.

Funding

This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to M. B. Iskakov or A. B. Iskakov.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflict of inte-rest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note.

Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Iskakov, M.B., Iskakov, A.B. Equilibrium in Secure Strategies As a Development of the Concept of Nash Equilibrium. Dokl. Math. 108 (Suppl 1), S66–S74 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064562423600744

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064562423600744

Keywords:

Navigation