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Infrared Directional Spectral Emissivity of Tungsten-Copper Alloy in the 400–700 ℃ Temperature Range

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Abstract

The tungsten-copper alloy is commonly used for the electrical contact in high current vacuum switch, where precise temperature monitoring of the contact is crucial for ensuring stable operation of the switch by radiation thermometry. However, accurate emissivity data of this alloy is necessary when using radiation thermometry for temperature measurement. Thus, the directional spectral emissivity of tungsten-copper alloy is investigated within the temperature range of 400–700 ℃ under vacuum in this work. The hemispherical total emissivity is calculated by numerically integrating the directional spectral emissivity. Experimental results found this tungsten-copper alloy agrees with the theoretical prediction of the electromagnetic theory, that is, the emissivity increases with increasing temperature, and decreases with increasing wavelength. A convergence phenomenon of spectral emissivity occurs when the polar angle exceeds approximately 50°. This means that the normal wavelength dependence undergoes a shift at high polar angles, which is typical behavior of metallic emissivity. Additionally, the effects of thermal cycle, surface roughness, and chemical composition on emissivity are analyzed in detail. Surface stress relaxation process results in a significant decrease in emissivity. Emissivity increases as the surface roughness and tungsten composition of alloy increases. However, the effects of surface roughness and chemical composition on emissivity gradually disappear at long wavelengths and high polar angles.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (62305107, 62075058), Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province (22400051007), National Science Foundation of Henan province (222300420011), Key Technology Research and Development Program of Henan Province (222102220078), Outstanding Youth Foundation of Henan Normal University (2020JQ02), Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province(Grant No. 23IRTSTHN013), Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province (23A140002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People’s Republic of China

    Weilong Wang, Longfei Li, Kun Yu, Zeye Yuan & Yufang Liu

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  1. Weilong Wang
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  2. Longfei Li
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  3. Kun Yu
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  4. Zeye Yuan
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  5. Yufang Liu
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Contributions

WLW performed the experiment, prepared the figures and tables, and wrote the manuscript text. ZYY contributed to investigation, reviewing of the manuscript. LFL, KY, and YFL contributed to supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, and reviewing, and editing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Longfei Li or Yufang Liu.

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Communicated by Boris Wilthan.

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Wang, W., Li, L., Yu, K. et al. Infrared Directional Spectral Emissivity of Tungsten-Copper Alloy in the 400–700 ℃ Temperature Range. Int J Thermophys 45, 51 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-024-03345-z

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