Abstract
Household detergents are a source of water pollu-tants that adversely affect crops. These pollutants not only reduce plant growth, but also have a negative impact on the environment. To investigate the effect of handwashing liquid on the germination characteristics of wheat, mung bean, and chickpea, a study was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. Water contaminated with different concentrations of handwashing liquid ((0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10) % of handwashing liquid) was used as treatment. The results showed that with increasing concentration of the contaminant, germination characteristics such as seed germination percentage, caulicle length, radicle length, and seed vigor decreased. Wheat was the most sensitive to detergent concentration compared to the other two plants, with the lowest detergent concentration causing a severe reduction in its germination traits. Therefore, farmers using water contaminated with household detergents need to be aware of its concentration to ensure healthy plant growth.
About the authors
Dr.
Hassan Heidari obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Tehran in 2011. He published more than 50 journal articles. His works are mainly on water and wastewater management in agriculture. He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Eng.
Sahar Karimi obtained her B.Sc. from the Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran in 2020. Her B.Sc. project was effect of contaminated water with hand washing detergent on seed germination traits in wheat, mung bean and chickpea.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: SK conducted the experiment. HH designed the experiment, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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