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Genetic diversity of Thailand reserved mulberry germplasm based on morphological characteristics and newly developed EST-SSR and SRAP markers

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Abstract

Mulberry (Morus L.) is an important crop for the sericulture industry, serving as the primary food source for the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Thailand has a long history of practicing sericulture and has imported and improved upon many indigenous cultivars to create new hybrid offspring. It is crucial to understand the genetic divergence of these accessions for their conservation and utilization in selection and breeding. In this study, 85 representative mulberry accessions in Thailand were observed morphology and analyzed for their genetic relationships using SRAP and EST-SSR markers. The findings indicate that the morphological traits of Thai mulberry are distinctive enough to differentiate between M. macroura Miq. and wild hybrid mulberry, and a group consisting of M. alba L. and M. australis Poir., and their hybrids. 12 SRAP primer combinations produced 193 polymorphic amplicons with an average of 17.0 bands per primer set, and the mean of PIC was 0.259. Eleven novel EST-SSR primers generated 35 amplicons with an average of 3.2 alleles per primer set, and the average PIC was 0.139. The dendrogram obtained using the UPGMA algorithm in R studio showed that the wild and wild hybrid mulberry were genetically distant from the domesticated species studied here. These findings have important implications for the characterization, improvement, molecular systematics, and conservation of Thai mulberry germplasm.

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Data availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

This research is funded by Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization). N.P. was financially supported by the Graduate School Fellowship Program in agriculture and agro-industry from the Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization) as of fiscal year 2022 and Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST). Moreover, we thank The Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture and Queen Sirikit Sericulture Center Sisaket for supported plant materials in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Nutdanai Putthisawong, Surapa Nutthapornnitchakul, Natnicha Thumthuan, Chatuporn Kuleung & Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat

  2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Athipat Ngernmuen & Piyama Tasanasuwan

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  1. Nutdanai Putthisawong
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  2. Surapa Nutthapornnitchakul
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  3. Natnicha Thumthuan
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  4. Chatuporn Kuleung
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  6. Piyama Tasanasuwan
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Contributions

NP and CJ conceived and planned the experiments. NP carried out the experiments. NP, SN, NT, CK and PT contributed to sample preparation. NP and AN the computational framework and analyzed the data. NP and CJ contributed to the interpretation of the results. NP and CJ took the lead in writing the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis and manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat.

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Putthisawong, N., Nutthapornnitchakul, S., Thumthuan, N. et al. Genetic diversity of Thailand reserved mulberry germplasm based on morphological characteristics and newly developed EST-SSR and SRAP markers. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00599-2

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