Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Critical Review

  • Published:
Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Aims and scope

Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) method for efficiently producing intricate geometric components. This investigation examines factors such as pores, cellular structure, grain size, and inclusions from the manufacturing process that contribute to the corrosion resistance of LPBF DSS. Furthermore, the as-built LPBF duplex stainless steel (DSS) is primarily ferrite due to the rapid cooling process. Therefore, the transformation of ferrite to austenite after various heat treatments in LPBF DSS and its corresponding corrosion resistance are presented. Additionally, a new mixed powder method is proposed to increase the austenite content in the as-built LPBF DSS. This review also focuses on the passivation capability and pitting corrosion performance in LPBF and conventional DSS. This article summarizes the variations in microstructure between as-built and heat-treated LPBF DSS, with their impacts on corrosion resistance, offering insights for manufacturing highly corrosion-resistant LPBF DSS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Y. Zhou, D. Engelberg, Mater. Corros. 72, 1718 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Nath, E. Clinning, G. Gupta, V. Wuelfrath-Poirier, G. L’Espérance, O. Gulsoy, M. Kearns, S. Atre, Addit. Manuf. 28, 682 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D. An, T. Griffiths, P. Konijnenberg, S. Mandal, Z. Wang, S. Zaefferer, Acta Mater. 156, 297 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Lei, Z. Wang, B. Zhang, Z. Luo, J. Lu, K. Lu, Acta Mater. 208, 116773 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Patra, A. Agrawal, A. Mandal, A. Podder, Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 74, 1089 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Cao, H. Liu, J. Jiang, K. He, B. Lv, H. Zhang, L. Zhang, J. Meng, H. Deng, X. Niu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 37, 181 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. H. Liu, S. Min, M. Jiang, F. Chu, Y. Li, Z. Chen, K. Zhang, J. Hou, A. Huang, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 1509 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Jiang, H. Tan, Z. Wang, J. Hong, L. Jiang, J. Li, Corros. Sci. 70, 252 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Wu, S. Wei, S. Lu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 34, 628 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Hou, X. Li, X. Ma, C. Du, D. Zhang, M. Zheng, W. Xu, D. Lu, F. Ma, NPJ Mater. Degrad. 1, 1 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. X. Li, D. Zhang, Z. Liu, C. Du, C. Dong, Nature 527, 441 (2015)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Yang, L. Hawkins, L. He, S. Mahmood, M. Song, K. Schulze, X. Lou, J. Nucl. Mater. 577, 154305 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Lo, C. Shek, J. Lai, Mater. Sci. Eng. R. Rep. 65, 39 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Zhou, A. Kablan, D. Engelberg, Mater. Charact. 169, 110605 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Y. Zhou, D. Engelberg, Mater. Chem. Phys. 275, 125183 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Chen, B. Yang, Y. Zhou, Y. Wu, H. Zhu, Acta Mater. 197, 172 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. D. Zhang, A. Liu, B. Yin, P. Wen, J. Manuf. Process. 73, 496 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Eguchi, T. Burnett, D. Engelberg, Corros. Sci. 184, 109363 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Shi, J. Ming, M. Wu, Cem. Concr. Compos. 108, 103532 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P. Reccagni, L. Guilherme, Q. Lu, M. Gittos, D. Engelberg, Corros. Sci. 161, 108198 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. B. Zhang, F. Xue, S. Li, X. Wang, N. Liang, Y. Zhao, G. Sha, Acta Mater. 140, 388 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. L. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Liu, N. Dai, J. Li, Y. Jiang, Mater. Corros. 70, 1682 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Li, X. Ren, X. Gao, Mater. Charact. 164, 110320 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Z. Liu, Z. Wu, Y. Han, X. Song, G. Zu, W. Zhu, X. Ran, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-023-01626-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Reichardt, A. Shapiro, R. Otis, R. Dillon, J. Borgonia, B. McEnerney, P. Hosemann, A. Beese, Int. Mater. Rev. 66, 1 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Skylar-Scott, J. Mueller, C. Visser, J. Lewis, Nature 575, 330 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. E. Cederberg, V.A. Hosseini, C. Kumara, L. Karlsson, Addit. Manuf. 34, 101269 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Singh, A. Shahi, J. Manuf. Process. 50, 581 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Samei, H. Asgari, C. Pelligra, M. Sanjari, S. Salavati, A. Shahriari, M. Amirmaleki, M. Jahanbakht, A. Hadadzadeh, B. Amirkhiz, M. Mohammadi, Addit. Manuf. 45, 102068 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Salahi, A. Nemani, M. Ghaffari, J. Lunde, A. Nasiri, Addit. Manuf. 46, 102157 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Vunnam, A. Saboo, C. Sudbrack, T. Starr, Addit. Manuf. 30, 100876 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. C. Klingaa, T. Dahmen, S. Baier, S. Mohanty, J. Hattel, Addit. Manuf. 32, 101032 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. Liu, W. Gong, R. Zheng, J. Li, Z. Zhang, S. Gao, C. Ma, N. Tsuji, Acta Mater. 226, 117629 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. T. Voisin, J. Forien, A. Perron, S. Aubry, N. Bertin, A. Samanta, A. Baker, Y. Wang, Acta Mater. 203, 116476 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. R. Li, C. Dong, D. Kong, X. Ni, L. Zhang, M. Ao, X. Li, Surf. Coat. Technol. 399, 126172 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Kanko, A. Sibley, J. Fraser, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 231, 488 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. X. Wang, S. Xu, S. Zhou, W. Xu, M. Leary, P. Choong, M. Qian, M. Brandt, Y. Xie, Biomaterials 83, 127 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. T. Ngo, A. Kashani, G. Imbalzano, K. Nguyen, D. Hui, Compos. B Eng. 143, 172 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. C. Zeng, B. Zhang, A. Ettefagh, H. Wen, H. Yao, W.J. Meng, S. Guo, Addit. Manuf. 35, 101411 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. Zhang, L. Chang, H. Zhang, J. Li, Z. Yang, B. Qiao, Z. Zhao, C. Dong, K. Zhang, Anti-Corros. Method. 67, 575 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. H. Jiang, Z. Li, T. Feng, P. Wu, Q. Chen, S. Yao, J. Hou, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 773 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. G. Sander, J. Tan, P. Balan, O. Gharbi, D. Feenstra, L. Singer, S. Thomas, R. Kelly, J.R. Scully, N. Birbilis, Corrosion 74, 1318 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Ziętala, T. Durejko, M. Polański, I. Kunce, T. Płociński, W. Zieliński, M. Łazińska, W. Stępniowski, T. Czujko, K. Kurzydłowski, Z. Bojar, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 677, 1 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. A. Gisario, M. Kazarian, F. Martina, M. Mehrpouya, J. Manuf. Syst. 53, 124 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. P. Han, Engineering 3, 648 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. M. Laleh, A. Hughes, W. Xu, I. Gibson, M. Tan, Int. Mater. Rev. 66, 563 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. G. Bang, W. Kim, H. Kim, H. Park, G. Kim, S. Hyun, O. Kwon, H. Kim, Mater. Des. 197, 109221 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. W. Sames, F. List, S. Pannala, R. Dehoff, S. Babu, Int. Mater. Rev. 61, 315 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. W. Frazier, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23, 1917 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. T. DebRoy, H. Wei, J. Zuback, T. Mukherjee, J. Elmer, J. Milewski, A. Beese, A. Wilson-Heid, A. De, W. Zhang, Prog. Mater. Sci. 92, 112 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. L. Murr, S. Gaytan, D. Ramirez, E. Martinez, J. Hernandez, K. Amato, P. Shindo, F. Medina, R. Wicker, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 28, 1 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. C. Zitelli, P. Folgarait, A. Schino, Metals (Basel) 9, 731 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. E. Olakanmi, R. Cochrane, K. Dalgarno, Prog. Mater. Sci. 74, 401 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. T. Maconachie, M. Leary, B. Lozanovski, X. Zhang, M. Qian, O. Faruque, M. Brandt, Mater. Des. 183, 108137 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. J. Tan, W. Wong, K. Dalgarno, Addit. Manuf. 18, 228 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  56. J. Lewandowski, M. Seifi, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 46, 151 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. C. Yap, C. Chua, Z. Dong, Z. Liu, D. Zhang, L. Loh, S. Sing, Appl. Phys. Rev. 2, 041101 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. J. Hou, B. Dai, S. Min, H. Liu, M. Jiang, F. Yang, Acta Metall. Sin. 59, 623 (2023)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. P. Wang, J. Eckert, K. Pashanth, M. Wu, I. Kaban, L. Xi, S. Scudino, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 30, 2001 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. W. Yu, S. Sing, C. Chua, C. Kuo, X. Tian, Prog. Mater. Sci. 104, 330 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. D. Gu, W. Meiners, K. Wissenbach, R. Poprawe, Int. Mater. Rev. 57, 133 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. D. Kong, C. Dong, X. Ni, L. Zhang, X. Li, Mater. Lett. 279, 128524 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. J. Marattukalam, D. Karlsson, V. Pacheco, P. Beran, U. Wiklund, U. Jansson, B. Hjörvarsson, M. Sahlberg, Mater. Des. 193, 108852 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. P. Hooper, Addit. Manuf. 22, 548 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. P. Bidare, I. Bitharas, R.M. Ward, M.M. Attallah, A.J. Moore, Acta Mater. 142, 107 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. D. Kong, C. Dong, X. Ni, X. Li, NPJ Mater. Degrad. 3, 1 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. D. Kong, C. Dong, S. Wei, X. Ni, L. Zhang, R. Li, L. Wang, C. Man, X. Li, Addit. Manuf. 38, 101804 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. C. Yang, Y. Zhao, L. Kang, D. Li, W. Zhang, L. Zhang, Mater. Lett. 210, 169 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. M. Yakout, M.A. Elbestawi, S.C. Veldhuis, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 95, 1953 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. I. Todd, Nature 549, 342 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. J. Martin, B. Yahata, J. Hundley, J. Mayer, T. Schaedler, T. Pollock, Nature 549, 365 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. E. Santos, M. Shiomi, K. Osakada, T. Laoui, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 46, 1459 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Z. Sun, X. Tan, S.B. Tor, W.Y. Yeong, Mater. Des. 104, 197 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. E. Malekipour, H. El-Mounayri, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 95, 527 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. B. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Bai, Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 30, 515 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. C. Yu, H. Wang, Z. Yu, Y. Huang, M. Xi, J. Chen, J. Xu, H. Lu, Scr. Mater. 236, 115673 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. J. Ge, Z. Lu, S. He, Y. Sun, S. Yin, Acta Metall. Sin. 59, 157 (2023)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. A. Hemmasian, S. Guo, J. Raush, Addit. Manuf. 37, 101689 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  79. D. Herzog, V. Seyda, E. Wycisk, C. Emmelmann, Acta Mater. 117, 371 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. T. Voisin, R. Shi, Y. Zhu, Z. Qi, M. Wu, S. Sen-Britain, Y. Zhang, S. Qiu, Y. Wang, S. Thomas, B. Wood, JOM 74, 1668 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. L. Zai, C. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Guo, D. Wellmann, X. Tong, Y. Tian, Metals (Basel) 10, 1 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. J. Zhang, H. Dong, X. Xi, H. Tang, X. Li, J. Rao, Z. Xiao, Scr. Mater. 237, 115711 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. N. Haghdadi, H. Chen, Z. Chen, S. Babu, X. Liao, S. Ringer, S. Primig, Scr. Mater. 219, 114894 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. H. Xiang, G. Chen, W. Zhao, C. Wu, Metals (Basel) 13, 741 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. E. Otero, A. Pardo, M. Utrilla, E. Sáenz, F. Perez, Mater. Charact. 35, 145 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. K. Geenen, A. Röttger, W. Theisen, Mater. Corros. 68, 764 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. R. Schaller, J. Taylor, J. Rodelas, A. Mishra, E. Schindelholz, Corrosion 2, 1083 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  88. X. Ni, D. Kong, W. Wu, L. Zhang, C. Dong, B. He, L. Lu, K. Wu, D. Zhu, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 27, 3667 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. A. Maximenko, E. Olevsky, Scr. Mater. 149, 75 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. M. Laleh, A. Hughes, S. Yang, J. Li, W. Xu, I. Gibson, M. Tan, Corros. Sci. 165, 108394 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. R. Schaller, A. Mishra, J. Rodelas, J. Taylor, E. Schindelholz, J. Electrochem. Soc. 165, C234 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. J. Suryawanshi, T. Baskaran, O. Prakash, S. Arya, U. Ramamurty, Materialia 3, 153 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. G. Sander, S. Thomas, V. Cruz, M. Jurg, N. Birbilis, X. Gao, M. Brameld, C. Hutchinson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 164, C250 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. S. Hojjatzadeh, N. Parab, W. Yan, Q. Guo, L. Xiong, C. Zhao, M. Qu, L. Escano, X. Xiao, K. Fezzaa, W. Everhart, T. Sun, L. Chen, Nat. Commun. 10, 1 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. A. Martin, N. Calta, S. Khairallah, J. Wang, P. Depond, A. Fong, V. Thampy, G. Guss, A. Kiss, K. Stone, C. Tassone, J. Weker, M. Toney, T. Buuren, M. Matthews, Nat. Commun. 10, 1 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. C. Man, C. Dong, T. Liu, D. Kong, D. Wang, X. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci. 467–468, 193 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. K. Prashanth, S. Scudino, T. Maity, J. Das, J. Eckert, Mater. Res. Lett. 5, 386 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Y. Shang, Y. Yuan, D. Li, Y. Li, J. Chen, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 92, 4379 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. R. Schaller, J. Taylor, J. Rodelas, E. Schindelholz, Corrosion 73, 796 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Y. Zhou, D. Kong, L. Wang, R. Li, X. Ni, M. Cheng, C. Dong, D. Engelberg, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 27, 7532 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. S. Dryepondt, P. Nandwana, K. Unocic, R. Kannan, P. Zelaia, F. List III, Acta Mater. 231, 117876 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. M. Moyle, C. Ledermueller, Z. Zou, S. Primig, N. Haghdadi, Mater. Charact. 184, 111663 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. T. Pinomaa, M. Lindroos, M. Walbrühl, N. Provatas, A. Laukkanen, Acta Mater. 184, 1 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. R. Revilla, M. Raes, G. Arroud, F. Andreatta, L. Pyl, P. Guillaume, I. De, Corros. Sci. 176, 108914 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. L. Wang, C.F. Dong, C. Man, Y. Hu, Q. Yu, X.G. Li, Int. J. Miner. Metall. 28, 754 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. L. Liu, Y. Li, F. Wang, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 26, 1 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Y. Hong, C. Zhou, Y. Zheng, L. Zhang, J. Zheng, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 799, 140279 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Y. Zhong, L. Liu, S. Wikman, D. Cui, Z. Shen, J. Nucl. Mater. 470, 170 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. D. Kong, C. Dong, X. Ni, L. Zhang, H. Luo, R. Li, L. Wang, C. Man, X. Li, Appl. Surf. Sci. 504, 144495 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. D. Kong, X. Ni, C. Dong, L. Zhang, C. Man, J. Yao, K. Xiao, X. Li, Electrochim. Acta 276, 293 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. J. Trelewicz, G. Halada, O. Donaldson, G. Manogharan, JOM 68, 850 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. M. Lodhi, K. Deen, M. Greenlee-Wacker, W. Haider, Addit. Manuf. 27, 8 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. A. Ettefagh, S. Guo, Addit. Manuf. 22, 153 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  114. N. Al-Mamun, W. Haider, I. Shabib, Electrochim. Acta 362, 137039 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. C. Liu, R.I. Revilla, Z. Liu, D. Zhang, X. Li, H. Terryn, Corros. Sci. 129, 82 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. J. Snitzer, X. Lou, Corrosion 79, 240 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Q. Liu, J. Lu, Z. Luo, J. Yi, M. He, Y. Zhao, S. Wang, Mater. Des. 230, 111940 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. J. Castle, R. Ke, Corros. Sci. 30, 409 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. D. Sicupira, G. Frankel, D. Lins, Mater. Corros. 67, 440 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. T. Larimian, M. Kannan, D. Grzesiak, B. AlMangour, T. Borkar, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 770, 138455 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. T. Roehling, S. Wu, S. Khairallah, J. Roehling, S. Soezeri, M. Crumb, M. Matthews, Acta Mater. 128, 197 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. U. Bertoli, A. Wolfer, M. Matthews, J. Delplanque, J. Schoenung, Mater. Des. 113, 331 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. D. Kong, X. Ni, C. Dong, X. Lei, L. Zhang, C. Man, J. Yao, X. Cheng, X. Li, Mater. Des. 152, 88 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. K. Saeidi, X. Gao, Y. Zhong, Z. Shen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 625, 221 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. A. Aghuy, M. Zakeri, M. Moayed, M. Mazinani, Corros. Sci. 94, 368 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. M. Lodhi, K. Deen, W. Haider, Materialia 2, 111 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. A. Schino, J. Kenny, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 21, 1631 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Y. Li, F. Wang, G. Liu, Corrosion 60, 891 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. R. Misra, C. Nune, T. Pesacreta, M. Somani, L. Karjalainen, Acta Biomater. 9, 6245 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. L. Liu, Y. Li, F. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 55, 2430 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. C. Pan, L. Liu, Y. Li, S. Wang, F. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 56, 7740 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. C. Pan, L. Liu, Y. Li, F. Wang, Corros. Sci. 73, 32 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. M. Ryan, D. Williams, R. Chater, B. Hutton, D. McPhail, Nature 415, 770 (2002)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. D. Williams, M. Kilburn, J. Cliff, G. Waterhouse, Corros. Sci. 52, 3702 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. S. Yusuf, Y. Chen, S. Yang, N. Gao, Mater. Charact. 159, 110012 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. T. Wijesinghe, D. Blackwood, Corros. Sci. 49, 1755 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. P. Deng, M. Karadge, R. Rebak, V. Gupta, B. Prorok, X. Lou, Addit. Manuf. 35, 101334 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. M. Heiden, L. Deibler, J. Rodelas, J. Koepke, D. Tung, D. Saiz, B. Jared, Addit. Manuf. 25, 84 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. F. Pinto, I. Filho, M. Sandim, H. Sandim, Addit. Manuf. 31, 100979 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. M. Laleh, A. Hughes, W. Xu, P. Cizek, M. Tan, Corros. Sci. 165, 108412 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. T. Kurzynowski, K. Gruber, W. Stopyra, B. Kuźnicka, E. Chlebus, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 718, 64 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Q. Chao, V. Cruz, S. Thomas, N. Birbilis, P. Collins, A. Taylor, P. Hodgson, D. Fabijanic, Scr. Mater. 141, 94 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Y. Tsutsumi, T. Ishimoto, T. Oishi, T. Manaka, P. Chen, M. Ashida, K. Doi, H. Katayama, T. Hanawa, T. Nakano, Addit. Manuf. 45, 102066 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. X. Lou, M. Song, P. Emigh, M. Othon, P. Andresen, Corros. Sci. 128, 140 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. X. Lou, P. Andresen, R. Rebak, J. Nucl. Mater. 499, 182 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. D. Chen, C. Dong, Y. Ma, Y. Ji, L. Gao, X. Li, Corros. Sci. 189, 109561 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. S. Meredith, J. Zuback, J. Keist, T. Palmer, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 738, 44 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. S. Cheruvathur, E. Lass, C. Campbell, JOM 68, 930 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Y. Sun, R.J. Hebert, M. Aindow, Addit. Manuf. 35, 101302 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. S. Pasebani, M. Ghayoor, S. Badwe, H. Irrinki, S. Atre, Addit. Manuf. 22, 127 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. H. Tan, Y. Jiang, B. Deng, T. Sun, J. Xu, J. Li, Mater. Charact. 60, 1049 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. K. Saeidi, S. Alvi, F. Lofaj, V. Petkov, F. Akhtar, Metals (Basel) 9, 199 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. K. Davidson, S. Singamneni, Mater. Manuf. Process. 31, 1543 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. F. Hengsbach, P. Koppa, K. Duschik, M. Holzweissig, M. Burns, J. Nellesen, W. Tillmann, T. Tröster, K. Hoyer, M. Schaper, Mater. Des. 133, 136 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. S. Jeffs, R. Douglas, W. Beard, M. Coleman, J. Adams, T. Jones, D. Poole, R. Lancaster, Mater. Charact. 189, 111953 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Q. Wang, B. Zhang, Y. Ren, K. Yang, Corros. Sci. 123, 351 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. C. Zhou, S. Hu, Q. Shi, H. Tao, Y. Song, J. Zheng, P. Xu, L. Zhang, Corros. Sci. 164, 108353 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. V. Cruz, Q. Chao, N. Birbilis, D. Fabijanic, P. Hodgson, S. Thomas, Corros. Sci. 164, 108314 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. D. Macatangay, S. Thomas, N. Birbilis, R. Kelly, Corrosion 74, 153 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. D. Kong, C. Dong, X. Ni, L. Zhang, J. Yao, C. Man, X. Cheng, K. Xiao, X. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35, 1499 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. W. Wu, L. Qin, X. Cheng, F. Xu, X. Li, Corros. Sci. 212, 110936 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. T. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Li, C. Liu, S. Yang, Z. Yang, X. Li, Corros. Sci. 208, 110708 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. K. Wang, Q. Chao, M. Annasamy, P. Hodgson, S. Thomas, N. Birbilis, D. Fabijanic, Corros. Sci. 197, 110060 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. P. Dong, F. Vecchiato, Z. Yang, P. Hooper, M. Wenman, Addit. Manuf. 40, 101902 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. S. Kumar, S. Krisam, A. Jacob, F. Kiraly, A. Keplinger, R. Abart, E. Povoden-Karadeniz, Mater. Des. 194, 108951 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. V. Hosseini, L. Karlsson, C. Örnek, P. Reccagni, S. Wessman, D. Engelberg, Mater. Charact. 139, 390 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. R. Silva, G. Vacchi, C. Kugelmeier, I. Santos, A. Filho, D. Magalhães, C. Afonso, V. Sordi, C. Rovere, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 98, 123 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. R. Silva, C. Kugelmeier, G. Vacchi, C. Martins, I. Dainezi, C. Afonso, A. Filho, C. Rovere, Corros. Sci. 191, 109738 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. V. Hosseini, M. Thuvander, K. Lindgren, J. Oliver, N. Folkeson, D. Gonzalez, L. Karlsson, Mater. Des. 210, 110055 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. K. Saeidi, L. Kevetkova, F. Lofaj, Z. Shen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 665, 59 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. F. Shang, X. Chen, Z. Wang, Z. Ji, F. Ming, S. Ren, X. Qu, Metal (Basel) 9, 1012 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. L. Wang, X. He, P. Hu, D. Kong, K. Wang, C. Dong, Mater. Charact. 203, 113137 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. J. Kunz, A. Boontanom, S. Herzog, P. Suwanpinij, A. Kaletsch, C. Broeckmann, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 794, 139806 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. S. Papula, M. Song, A. Pateras, X. Chen, M. Brandt, M. Easton, Y. Yagodzinskyy, I. Virkkunen, H. Hänninen, Materials 12, 1 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  175. Y. Wang, T. Voisin, J. McKeown, J. Ye, P. Calta, Z. Li, Z. Zeng, Y. Zhang, W. Chen, T. Roehling, T. Ott, K. Santala, J. Depond, J. Matthews, V. Hamza, T. Zhu, Nat. Mater. 17, 63 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. N. Haghdadi, M. Laleh, H. Chen, Z. Chen, C. Ledermueller, X. Liao, S. Ringer, S. Primig, Mater. Des. 212, 110260 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. A. Etter, T. Baudin, M. Mathon, W. Swiatnicki, R. Penelle, Scr. Mater. 54, 683 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Y. Han, Z. Liu, C. Wu, Y. Zhao, G. Zu, W. Zhu, X. Ran, Tungsten 5, 419 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. F. Li, J. Tian, H. Li, L. Deineko, Z. Jiang, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 36, 705 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. M. Laleh, N. Haghdadi, A. Hughes, S. Primig, M. Tan, Corros. Sci. 198, 110106 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. L. Han, T. Han, G. Chen, B. Wang, J. Sun, Y. Wang, Mater. Charact. 175, 111052 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. L. Gargalis, L. Karavias, J. Graff, S. Diplas, E. Koumoulos, E. Karaxi, Metals (Basel) 13, 1546 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. C. Cui, L. Becker, E. Gärtner, J. Boes, J. Lentz, V. Uhlenwinkel, M. Steinbacher, S. Weber, R. Fechte-Heinen, J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 6, 72 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. M. Köhler, J. Kunz, S. Herzog, A. Kaletsch, C. Broeckmann, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 801, 140432 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. H. Li, S. Thomas, C. Hutchinson, Acta Mater. 226, 117637 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. X. Li, F. Shen, W. Du, L. Cao, L. Pan, T. Ma, X. Fang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 891, 145908 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. H. Li, E.G. Brodie, C. Hutchinson, Addit. Manuf. 65, 103447 (2023)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. J. Ning, J. Wen, L. Zhang, S. Na, Addit. Manuf. 55, 102864 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. C. Burkhardt, M. Wendler, R. Lehnert, M. Hauser, P. Clausnitzer, O. Volkova, H. Biermann, A. Weidner, Addit. Manuf. 69, 103539 (2023)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. W. Zhao, H. Xiang, R. Yu, G. Mou, J. Manuf. Process. 94, 1 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. T. Hung, T. Chen, H. Chen, L. Tsay, J. Manuf. Process. 90, 69 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. G. Nigon, O. Isgor, S. Pasebani, Opt. Laser Technol. 134, 106643 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. J. Nilsson, Mater. Sci. Technol. (United Kingdom) 8, 685 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. A. Ramirez, J. Lippold, S. Brandi, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 34, 1575 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  195. H. Liu, X. Jin, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 28, 249 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. L. Karlsson, H. Arcini, E. Bergquist, J. Weidow, J. Börjesson, Weld. World 54, 350 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. L. Karlsson, J. Börjesson, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 19, 318 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. G. Weatherly, W. Zhang, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 25, 1865 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  199. Y. Ohmori, K. Nakai, H. Ohtsubo, Y. Isshiki, ISIJ Int. 35, 969 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Z. Dong, X.F. Xie, J. Li, Y. Wan, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 36, 1883 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. T. Wu, J. Wang, H. Li, Z. Jiang, C. Liu, H. Zhang, J. Iron. Steel Res. Int. 26, 435 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Y. Yang, B. Yan, J. Li, J. Wang, Corros. Sci. 53, 3756 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. P. Luchtenberg, P. Campos, P. Soares, C. Laurindo, O. Maranho, R. Torres, Surf. Coat. Technol. 375, 688 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Y. Zhou, S. Mahmood, D. Engelberg, Int. J. Miner. Metall. 30, 2375 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Y. Zhou, S. Mahmood, D. Engelberg, Mater. Des. 232, 112145 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. J. Yao, D. Macdonald, C. Dong, Corros. Sci. 146, 221 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. X. Cheng, Y. Wang, X. Li, C. Dong, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34, 2140 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. X. Cheng, Y. Wang, C. Dong, X. Li, Corros. Sci. 134, 122 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. X. Cao, X. Hu, Mater. Corros. 73, 2019 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. H. Ha, M. Jang, T. Lee, J. Moon, Corros. Sci. 89, 154 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. D. Jiang, N. Birbilis, C. Hutchinson, M. Brameld, Corrosion 76, 871 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. B. Freitas, L. Rodrigues, C. Claros, W. Botta, G. Koga, C. Bolfarini, J. Alloys Compd. 918, 165576 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. N. Haghdadi, C. Ledermueller, H. Chen, Z. Chen, Q. Liu, X. Li, G. Rohrer, X. Liao, S. Ringer, S. Primig, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 835, 142695 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. K. Davidson, S. Singamneni, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 17, 601 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Y. Zhou, D. Engelberg, J. Electroanal. Chem. 899, 115599 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. L. Yin, Y. Liu, S. Qian, Y. Jiang, J. Li, Electrochim. Acta 328, 135081 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. B. Deng, Y. Jiang, J. Gong, C. Zhong, J. Gao, J. Li, Electrochim. Acta 53, 5220 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Y. Zhou, D. Engelberg, Electrochem. Commun. 117, 106779 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. X. Geng, F. Wang, H. Wu, S. Wang, G. Wu, J. Gao, H. Zhao, C. Zhang, X. Mao, MGE Adv. 1, 1 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  220. C. Ren, L. Ma, D. Zhang, X. Li, A. Mol, MGE Adv. 2, 1 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  221. B. Shi, T. Lookman, D. Xue, MGE Adv. 1, 1 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  222. Y. Zhou, J. Qi, D. Engelberg, Electrochem. Commun. 126, 107023 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Y. Zhou, S. Mahmood, D. Engelberg, Surf. Interfaces 22, 100865 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Y. Zhou, D. Engelberg, Metals (Basel) 10, 794 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  225. Y. Zhou, S. Mahmood, D. Engelberg, Constr. Build. Mater. 366, 130174 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Y. Zhou, S. Mahmood, D. Engelberg, Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 39, 101263 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Y. Zhou, X. Cao, S. Mahmood, D. Engelberg, Mater. Corros. 75, 227 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  228. Y. Zhou, D. Engelberg, Electrochem. Commun. 93, 158 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. H. Tan, Z. Wang, Y. Jiang, D. Han, J. Hong, L. Chen, L. Jiang, J. Li, Corros. Sci. 53, 2191 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Z. Zhang, Z. Wang, Y. Jiang, H. Tan, D. Han, Y. Guo, J. Li, Corros. Sci. 62, 42 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Z. Zhang, D. Han, Y. Jiang, C. Shi, J. Li, Nucl. Eng. Des. 243, 56 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. G. Nigon, O. Isgor, S. Pasebani, J. Electrochem. Soc. 167, 141508 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Y. Yang, Z. Wang, H. Tan, J. Hong, Y. Jiang, L. Jiang, J. Li, Corros. Sci. 65, 472 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. M. Naghizadeh, M. Moayed, Corros. Sci. 94, 179 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Z. Zhang, H. Jing, L. Xu, Y. Han, L. Zhao, X. Lv, Corros. Sci. 141, 30 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. V. Moura, L. Lima, J. Pardal, A. Kina, R. Corte, S. Tavares, Mater. Charact. 59, 1127 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. P. Ernst, N. Laycock, M. Moayed, R. Newman, Corros. Sci. 39, 1133 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Y. Yang, X.L. Hou, M.C. Li, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 1023 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. K. Zhao, X. Li, L. Wang, Q. Yang, L. Cheng, Z. Cui, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 326 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. W. Tobler, S. Virtanen, Corros. Sci. 48, 1585 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. S. Virtanen, B. Surber, P. Nylund, Corros. Sci. 43, 1165 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. L. Lei, B. Shang, K. Zheng, X. Wang, X. Tan, J. Li, Y. Jiang, Y. Sun, Corros. Sci. 199, 110176 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Y. Zhou, N. Stevens, D. Engelberg, Electrochim. Acta 375, 137668 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. L. Garfias-Mesias, J. Sykes, C. Tuck, Corros. Sci. 38, 1319 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. M. Gholami, M. Hoseinpoor, M. Moayed, Corros. Sci. 94, 156 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. J. Zhang, H. Zhu, X. Xi, X. Li, Z. Xiao, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 26, 4860 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. M. Mirz, S. Herzog, C. Broeckmann, A. Kaletsch, J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 6, 32 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Y. Fang, M. Kim, Y. Zhang, T. Kim, J. No, J. Suhr, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 881, 145351 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. C. Xie, B. Li, G. Liu, J. Liu, H. Ying, D. Li, S. Wang, L. Wang, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 26, 2070 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. P. Murkute, S. Pasebani, O. Isgor, Sci. Rep. 10, 1 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  251. P. Murkute, S. Pasebani, O. Isgor, Materialia 14, 100878 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. S. Feng, C. Xiaoqiu, Z. Peng, J. Zuchun, M. Fei, R. Shubin, Q. Xuanhui, Mater. Trans. 60, 1096 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U22B2065) and the Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program (No. 2022FY10300).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yiqi Zhou, Ruixue Li, Xing He & Chaofang Dong

  2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Decheng Kong

Authors
  1. Yiqi Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Decheng Kong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ruixue Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xing He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chaofang Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yiqi Zhou.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Additional information

Available online at http://link.springer.com/journal/40195.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, Y., Kong, D., Li, R. et al. Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Critical Review. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 37, 587–606 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-024-01679-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-024-01679-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation