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The Role of Vitamin K in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing global health problem with enormous consequences for individuals and society. The most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, can be caused by both genetic factors (mutations) and epigenetic changes caused by the environment, in particular, oxidative stress. One of the factors contributing to the development of oxidative stress that has an important effect on the nervous system is vitamin K, which is involved in redox processes. However, its role in cells is ambiguous: accumulation of high concentrations of vitamin K increases the content of reactive oxygen species increases, while small amounts of vitamin K have a protective effect and activate the antioxidant defense systems. The main function of vitamin K is its involvement in the gamma carboxylation of the so-called Gla proteins. Some Gla proteins are expressed in the nervous system and participate in its development. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to a decrease or loss of function of Gla proteins in the nervous system. It is assumed that the level of vitamin K in the body is associated with specific changes involved in the development of dementia and cognitive abilities. Vitamin K also influences the sphingolipid profile in the brain, which also affects cognitive function. The role of vitamin K in the regulation of biochemical processes at the cellular and whole-organism levels has been studied insufficiently. Further research can lead to the discovery of new targets for vitamin K and development of personalized diets and therapies.

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Fig. 1.
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Abbreviations

Aβ:

β-amyloid

GGC:

gamma-glutamyl carboxylase

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

VKOR:

vitamin K epoxide reductase

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

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Funding

The work was supported by the Program of Development of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, project no. 23-SCH04-34.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Anna I. Diachenko, Oleg I. Klychnikov & Lidia N. Nefedova

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Igor A. Rodin

  3. Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Tatiana N. Krasnova

Authors
  1. Anna I. Diachenko
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  2. Igor A. Rodin
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  3. Tatiana N. Krasnova
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  4. Oleg I. Klychnikov
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  5. Lidia N. Nefedova
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Contributions

Conceptualization, analysis of literature – A.I.D. and L.N.N.; writing an original draft – A.I.D., O.I.K., and L.N.N.; visualization – A.I.D., writing review and editing – A.I.D., I.A.R., O.I.K., and L.N.N., acquiring funding – I.A.R., T.N.K., and L.N.N.; supervision – L.N.N. All authors have read and edited the paper.

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Correspondence to Lidia N. Nefedova.

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This work does not contain studies involving human and animal subjects. The authors of this work declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Translated from Uspekhi Biologicheskoi Khimii, 2024, Vol. 64, pp. 117-142.

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Diachenko, A.I., Rodin, I.A., Krasnova, T.N. et al. The Role of Vitamin K in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biochemistry Moscow 89 (Suppl 1), S57–S70 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297924140049

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