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Multicomponent DNAzyme Nanomachines: Structure, Applications, and Prospects

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Abstract

Nucleic acids (NAs) are important components of living organisms responsible for the storage and transmission of hereditary information. They form complex structures that can self-assemble and bind to various biological molecules. DNAzymes are NAs capable of performing simple chemical reactions, which makes them potentially useful elements for creating DNA nanomachines with required functions. This review focuses on multicomponent DNA-based nanomachines, in particular on DNAzymes as their main functional elements, as well as on the structure of DNAzyme nanomachines and their application in the diagnostics and treatment of diseases. The article also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of DNAzyme-based nanomachines and prospects for their future applications. The review provides information about new technologies and the possibilities of using NAs in medicine.

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Abbreviations

ASO:

antisense oligonucleotide

MDMR1:

multifunctional DNA-nanomachine for RNA analysis

NA:

nucleic acid

biDNAzyme:

binary DNAzyme

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to D. M. Kolpashchikov and E. I. Koshel for discussion, critical reading of the manuscript, and valuable comments and to the Chromas Core Facility (Research Park, St. Petersburg State University) for technical assistance.

Funding

D.D.N. and M.S.R. were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project FSER-2022-0009). A.A.R. was supported by the St. Petersburg State University (project no. 95444727).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ITMO University, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Daria D. Nedorezova & Maria S. Rubel

  2. St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Aleksandr A. Rubel

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D.D.N. prepared the original draft of manuscript, M.S.R. and A.A.R. wrote and edited the manuscript; D.D.N. and M.S.R. prepared the figures.

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Correspondence to Aleksandr A. Rubel.

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Translated from Uspekhi Biologicheskoi Khimii, 2024, Vol. 64, pp. 479-502.

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Nedorezova, D.D., Rubel, M.S. & Rubel, A.A. Multicomponent DNAzyme Nanomachines: Structure, Applications, and Prospects. Biochemistry Moscow 89 (Suppl 1), S249–S261 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297924140141

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