Abstract
The Coulomb software complex for modeling of spacecraft charging in magnetosphere plasma in high and low Earth orbits is described. Physical mechanisms of spacecraft charging and methods of mathematical modeling of this phenomenon in various areas of space are considered. Examples of the calculation results of electrical potential distribution on the spacecraft surface and in the vicinity of the spacecraft in geosynchronous and the low Earth orbits are presented.
REFERENCES
Al’pert, Ya.L., Gurevich, A.V., and Pitaevskii, L.P., Iskusstvennye sputniki v razrezhennoi plazme (Artificial Satellites in Rarefied Plasma), Moscow: Nauka, 1964.
Katz, I., Parks, D.E., Mandell, M.J., et al., A three dimensional dynamic study of electrostatic charging in materials, NASA-CR-135256, National Technical Information Service, 1977.
Roussel, J.-F., Rogier, F., Volpert, D., et al., Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software (SPIS): Numerical solvers—methods and architecture, Proc. 9th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conf. Tsukuba, Japan, 2005, p. JAXA-SP-05-001E.
Hatta, S., Muranaka, T., Kim, J., et al., Accomplishment of multi-utility spacecraft charging analysis tool (MUSCAT) and its future evolution, Acta Astronaut., 2009, vol. 64, pp. 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.07.023
Program for calculating the electrification parameters of the COULOMB spacecraft, State Certificate of Computer Software Registration No. 2015615756, Moscow, 2015.
Space environment (natural and artificial)—Plasma environments for generation of worst case electrical potential differences for spacecraft, ISO 19923:2017, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2017.
Novikov, L.S., Makletsov, A.A., and Sinolits, V.V., Comparison of Coulomb-2, NASCAP-2K, MUSCAT and SPIS codes for geosynchronous spacecraft charging, Adv. Space Res., 2016, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 671–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.11.003
Novikov, L.S., Mileev, V.N., Krupnikov, K.K., et al., Simultaneous investigation of magnetospheric plasma and spacecraft charging, Adv. Space Res., 2008, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1307–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2008.02.019
Novikov, L.S., Makletsov, A.A., Sinolits, V.V., et al., Charging of geostationary satellite Electro-L2 in the Earth shadow, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 2019, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 3931–3936. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2019.2917806
Mileev, V.N. and Novikov, L.S., Physico-mathematical model of electrification of satellites in geostationary and highly elliptical orbits, in Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa (Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics), Moscow: Nauka, 1989, vol. 86, pp. 64–98.
Novikov, L.S., Babkin, G.V., Morozov, E.P., et al., Kompleksnaya metodologiya opredeleniya parametrov elektrostaticheskoi zaryadki elektricheskikh polei i proboev na kosmicheskikh apparatakh v usloviyakh ikh radiatsionnoi elektrizatsii (A Comprehensive Methodology for Determining the Parameters of Electrostatic Charging of Electric Fields and Breakdowns on Spacecraft under Conditions of Their Radiation Electrification), Moscow: Izd. TsNIImash, 1995.
Garrett, H.B., The charging of spacecraft surfaces, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 1981, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 577. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG019i004p00577
Garret, H.B., Review of quantitative models of the 0- to 100-keV near Earth plasma, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 1979, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 397. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG017i003p00397
Garret, H.B., Schwank, D.C., and De Forest, S.E., A statistical analysis of the low-energy geosynchronous plasma environment—I. Electrons, Planet. Space Sci., 1981, vol. 29, no. 10, p. 1021–1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(81)90001-5
Model’ kosmosa (Model of Cosmos), vol. 2: Vozdeistvie kosmicheskoi sredy na materialy i oborudovanie kosmicheskikh apparatov (Impact of the Space Environment on Spacecraft Materials and Equipment), Novikov, L.S., Ed., Moscow: Izd. KDU, 2007, ch. 1.8–1.9, pp. 236–314.
Katz, I. and Parks, D.E., Space shuttle orbiter charging, J. Spacecr. Rockets, 1983, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 22. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28352
Cho, M., Saito, K., and Hamanaga, T., Data analysis of the polar plasma environment for spacecraft charging analysis, Acta Astronaut., 2012, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 160–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.07.004
Dobretsov, L.N. and Gomoyunova, M.V., Emissionnaya elektronika (Emission Electronics), Moscow: Nauka, 1966.
Bronshtein, I.M. and Fraiman, B.S., Vtorichnaya elektronnaya emissiya (Secondary Electron Emission), Moscow: Nauka, 1969.
Sternglass, E.J., Backscattering of kilovolt electrons from solids, Phys. Rev., 1954, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 345–358. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.95.345
Whipple, E.C., Potentials of surface in space, Rep. Prog. Phys., 1981, vol. 44, no. 11, p. 1197–1250. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/44/11/002
Evstaf’eva, E.N., Rau, E.I., Mileev, V.N., et al., Analysis of charging mechanisms of dielectric targets under the influence of electron irradiation, Perspektivnye materialy, 2010, no. 4, pp. 11–20.
Novikov, L.S., Makletsov, A.A., and Sinolits, V.V., Analysis of recollection and transfer of electrons emitted from charged spacecraft surface using Coulomb-2 code, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 2017, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1919–1922. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2017.2669103
Adamec, V. and Calderwood, J.H., Electrical conduction in dielectrics at high fields, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 1975, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 551–560. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2017.2669103
Krupnikov, K.K., Mileev, V.N., and Novikov, L.S., A mathematical model of spacecraft charging (‘COULOMB’ tool), Rad. Meas., 1996, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 513. https://doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(96)00022-4
Krupnikov, K.K., Mileev, V.N., Novikov, L.S., et al., Measurement of hot magnetospheric plasma at geosynchronous orbit and charging effects, Proc. ESA Symp. Environment Modelling for Space-based Applications, Noordwijk, NL: ESTEC, Spec. Publ., 1996, p. 191.
Ribes, A. and Caremoli, C., SALOME platform component model for numerical simulation, Proc. 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference COMPSAC 07, Washington, DC, 2007, pp. 553–564. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2007.185
More, J.J., Sorensen, D.C., Hillstrom, K.E., et al., The MINPACK project, in Sources and Development of Mathematical Software, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1984.
Novikov, L.S., Makletsov, A.A., and Sinolits, V.V., Modeling of spacecraft charging dynamics using COULO-MB-2 code, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 2017, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 915–1918. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2017.2720595
Hindmarsh, A.C., GEAR: Ordinary differential equation system solver, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Report UCID-30001, 1974, rev. 3, pp. 1–28.
Ferguson, D.C. and Wimberly, S.C., The best GEO daytime spacecraft charging index, Proc. 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Grapevine, 2013, AIAA 2013-0810, pp. 11–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-810
Mateo-Velez, J.-C., Pignal, C., Balcon, N., et al., GEO spacecraft worst-case charging estimation by numerical simulation, Proc. 13th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, Pasadena, CA, 2014, p. hal-01070320.
Toyoda, K. and Ferguson, D.C., Round-robin simulation for GEO worst-case environment for spacecraft charging, Proc. 13th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, Pasadena, CA, 2014, p. 171.
Funding
This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Novikov, L.S., Makletsov, A.A., Sinolits, V.V. et al. Mathematical Modeling of Spacecraft in Magnetosphere Plasma. Cosmic Res 62, 80–91 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S001095252370079X
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S001095252370079X