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Enhanced Bioactivity of Streptomycin Bioconjugated Metal Nanoparticles Against Streptomycin Resistant Bacillus Sp

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Abstract

The emergence of multidrug resistance in pathogenic organisms has caused growing concern, especially among healthcare providers, necessitating the development of new antimicrobial compounds. Resistance to metal nanoparticles is more challenging for any pathogen and thus paved a new avenue of research to formulate a new line of drugs combined with metal nanoparticles to treat microbial resistance. In this present investigation, green synthesised silver (AgNP), gold (AuNP), and platinum (PtNP) nanoparticles using the rind extract of the fruit of Garcinia mangostana L., were bioconjugated with Streptomycin. Visual colour change in solution was evidenced as the result of bioconjugation process and also significant shift in the UV–Vis spectra was recorded. The antibacterial activity against Streptomycin resistant Bacillus sp., was performed with bare and bioconjugates, AuNP and PtNP did not show any activity whereas their bioconjugates showed 100% activity and MIC was recorded as 0.1067ppm (SAuNP) and 34ppm (SPtNP), SAgNP and AgNP showed antibacterial activity but comparatively higher activity was exhibited by SAgNP. MIC for AgNP and SAgNP was recorded as 0.325 ppm and 0.187 ppm respectively. The results of cell viability test showed that the highest percentage of cell death was recorded with SAuNP treated cells (96%), followed by SPtNP (95.5%), SAgNP (95.4%) and AgNP (92.6%). The hemocompatibility was evaluated using human erythrocytes. No hemolysis was observed with any of the test compounds at their MIC. The results of SEM analysis supported the report as it showed the characteristic biconcave RBC cells with smooth surfaces, strongly suggesting hemocompatibility of the test compounds.

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Acknowledgements

The author, R.N, expresses thanks to the Department of Science and Technology for the financial support of INSPIRE Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) and the Director, CAS in Botany, for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the work. The authors also thank the National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, the University of Madras for HR-TEM analyses, SAIF-IIT Madras for FT-IR analyses, and SRM-IST for FACS analyses. The authors acknowledge King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for funding this research through Researchers Supporting Project No: RSPR2024/11.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India

    Nishanthi Ramasami

  2. Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Saveetha University), Chennai, TamilNadu, 600 077, India

    Manikandan Dhayalan

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Enathur, Kanchipuram, India

    Malathi Selvaraj

  4. PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Islamiah College (Autonomous), Vaniyambadi, Tamil Nadu, 635752, India

    Savaas Umar Mohammed Riyaz

  5. CAS in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India

    Palani Perumal

  6. Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College, Maharo, Dumka, Jharkhand, 814 110, India

    Santiagu Stephen Irudayaraj

  7. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rajakrishnan Rajagopal & Ahmed Alfarhan

  8. Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610 054, China

    Antony Stalin

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Contributions

NR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing—Original Draft, MD: Formal analysis, nanoparticle synthesis, review editing, MS: Formal analysis, Analyze the experimental data, SUMR: Formal analysis, Validation, PP: Resources, Investigation, SSI: Formal analysis, review editing, RR: funding acquisition, review editing, AA: funding acquisition, review editing, AS: project administration, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nishanthi Ramasami, Manikandan Dhayalan or Antony Stalin.

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Human blood samples from volunteers were taken by Nishanthi. R, SRF- DST-INSPIRE Fellow, CAS in Botany, University of Madras at CAS in Botany, University of Madras and was done so with informed consent of all participants. For the blood sampling and aggregation experiments, no approval from an ethics committee was required at University of Madras, Chennai in India.

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Ramasami, N., Dhayalan, M., Selvaraj, M. et al. Enhanced Bioactivity of Streptomycin Bioconjugated Metal Nanoparticles Against Streptomycin Resistant Bacillus Sp. Indian J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01234-5

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