Abstract
Bark residues from Douglas fir are an abundant resource that is currently used primarily in low-value energy recovery or is landfilled. Bark extractives are rich in diverse compounds like terpenes, fatty acids, phenols, and sugars with potential uses in a variety of high value applications. The study explores the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis to improve phenolic compounds from Douglas fir bark. It also assesses differences in chemical composition among rhytidome, phloem, and comingled bark fractions from an industrial waste pile. Phloem fractions exhibit higher yields of extractives, rhytidome fractions have elevated lignin levels, while the comingled fraction lies between the two except in ash content which was higher than in the separated fractions. Fungal decay tests with Gloeophyllum trabeum and Coniophora puteana on extract treated wood suggest potential for growth inhibition in extracts, about 58–31 % and 30–7% mass loss (in average) respectively, but due to high mass loss at low concentrations an enzymatic modification approach seems crucial for enhanced inhibition. Growth responses in whole-cell fermentation approach display variability depending on the participating microorganisms. Enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucosidase improved the antioxidant properties of bark extracts and holds promise for altering the chemical composition and enhancing bioactivity.
Funding source: Marshallplan-Jubiläumsstiftung
Funding source: Salzburg Center for Smart Materials 2.0 (SCSM 2.0) from the federal state of Salzburg
Award Identifier / Grant number: 20102/F2300703-KZP
Acknowledgments
We would like to take this opportunity to express gratitude to the Marshall Plan Foundation for granting the fellowship that facilitated this research. Special thanks to the team of the Biodeterioration Laboratory at Oregon State Univerisity and appreciation to Oregon State University.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: Conceptualization, L.S.; methodology, L.S., and M.K.; investigation, L.S.; resources, G.P., and A.P.; writing – original draft preparation, L.S.; writing – review and editing, L.S.; visualization, L.S.; supervision, G.P. T.S., A.P., and B.H. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: The research was partially financially supported by a fellowship from the Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation (Marshallplan Jubiläumsstiftung) as part of the Marshall Plan Scholarship Program in collaboration with the Oregon State University College of Foresty and by the project Salzburg Center for Smart Materials 2.0 (SCSM 2.0) from the federal state of Salzburg [funding code 20102/F2300703-KZP].
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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