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Role of serum calprotectin in identifying familial Mediterranean fever attacks

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Abstract

Background/Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate serum calprotectin (CLP) levels in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients and to investigate the utility of CLP in distinguishing patients with attack from patients without attack.

Material and method

FMF patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and healthy controls were included. Serum calprotectin levels were quantified utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the cut-off value of serum CLP level to differentiate FMF patients with attack from those without. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors.

Results

Significant differences were observed among the three groups concerning white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum CLP levels (p = 0.003, p = 0.004, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.002, respectively). Higher ESR, CRP, and serum CLP levels were observed in FMF patients with attacks than those without (all, p < 0.001). Serum CLP was significantly higher in RA patients than in FMF patients in remission (p < 0.001). ROC analysis identified a threshold CLP concentration in FMF with an attack to be 47.1 pg/mL (83.3% sensitivity, 60.6% specificity, AUC = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.63–0.85, p < 0.001). In univariate logistic regression analysis, CLP (β = 1.045, 95% CI = 1.017–1.073, p = 0.001) was predictive of FMF patients experiencing an attack.

Conclusion

Serum CLP proves to be as productive as ESR in illustrating inflammation and demonstrating the existence of attacks in FMF patients.

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Data availability

The data from this study are available with the corresponding author and will be provided upon a reasonable request, subject to approval from the institute's ethics committee.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Research Fund of the Ankara Bilkent City Hospital which had no involvement in the design, collection analyses, or reporting of the study (trial project coordination unit. No: 2016/1208).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Merve Gokcen Polat & Selma Ozkan Karaahmetoglu

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Ahmet Omma

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Neslihan Gokcen

  4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Muhammed Fevzi Kilinckaya

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  1. Merve Gokcen Polat
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  2. Ahmet Omma
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  4. Muhammed Fevzi Kilinckaya
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  5. Selma Ozkan Karaahmetoglu
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Contributions

MGP, AO, MFK, and SOK contributed to the study design. MGP, AO, and SOK collected the data. NG analyzed the data and took responsibility for the accuracy of the data analysis. MGP, AO, and NG interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. MGP, AO, and NG critically revised the manuscript for important contents. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Merve Gokcen Polat.

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Polat, M.G., Omma, A., Gokcen, N. et al. Role of serum calprotectin in identifying familial Mediterranean fever attacks. Ir J Med Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-024-03659-9

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