Abstract
Coleus forskohlii, an Indian-origin medicinal plant is the sole natural source of the labdane terpenoid forskolin (C22H34O7), with growing demand. Forskolin emerged as an industrially important bioactive compound, with many therapeutic applications in human health. It has established potential effects in the treatment of various diseases and conditions such as glaucoma, asthma, obesity, allergies, skin conditions and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, clinical trials against different types of cancers are progressing. The mechanism of action of forskolin mainly involves activating adenylyl cyclase and elevating cAMP, thereby regulating different cellular processes. For the extraction of forskolin, tuberous roots of C. forskohlii are used as they contain the highest concentration of this metabolite. Approximately 2500 tonnes of the plant are cultivated annually to produce a yield of 2000–2200 kg ha−1 of dry tubers. The forskolin content of the root is distributed in the range of 0.01–1%, which cannot meet the increasing commercial demands from industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, dietary supplements, food and beverages. Hence, various aspects of micropropagation with different culture methods that employ precursors or elicitors to improve the forskolin content have been explored. Different extraction and analytical methods are also introduced to examine the yield and purity of forskolin. This review discusses the significance, clinical importance, mechanism of action and different approaches used for mass production including tissue culture for the lead compound forskolin to meet market needs.
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Abbreviations
- 6-BAP:
-
6-Benzylaminopurine
- KIN:
-
Kinetin
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA:
-
α-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- mT:
-
Meta-topolin
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- UV:
-
Ultraviolet
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- MeJa:
-
Methyl jasmonate
- CS:
-
Chitosan
- NaCl:
-
Sodium Chloride
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- TLC:
-
Thin-layer chromatography
- HPTLC:
-
High-performance thin-layer chromatography
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- GC–MS:
-
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LC–MS:
-
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- TPP:
-
Three phase partitioning
- SC-Co2 :
-
Supercritical carbon dioxide
- EDX:
-
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- cAMP:
-
Adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- CREB:
-
CAMP response-element binding-protein
- AMP:
-
Adenosine monophosphate
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Roshni acknowledges Yenepoya Deemed to be University for providing the fellowship.
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Roshni, P.T., Rekha, P.D. Biotechnological interventions for the production of forskolin, an active compound from the medicinal plant, Coleus forskohlii. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 30, 213–226 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01426-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01426-9