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Distribution of nitrate/nitrite and toxic metals in the soil-potato system and its health risk assessment in Iran

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Abstract

Potato is one of the essential food products whose health quality is greatly influenced by soil contamination and properties. In the current study, we have investigated the physicochemical characteristics of agricultural areas and the accumulation of nitrite/nitrate and metals in potato products in Hamedan, Iran. After determining the physicochemical characteristics of soil samples from four agricultural regions of Hamedan, 48 potato samples were collected from these regions. The heavy metals and nitrate/nitrite content were determined by ICP-OES and calorimetric methods, respectively. A negative correlation was observed between soil pH changes with nitrite/nitrate content and the accumulation of some heavy elements in potatoes. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between soil phosphorus content and lead accumulation in potato. In present study, the amounts of lead, nitrate, and nitrite in 83.3%, 56%, and 12% of the collected samples were higher than the permissible limit reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. The EDI range for nitrate and nitrite was determined to be 130–260 and 1.4–2.7 µg/kg/day, respectively, which is much lower than the RfD set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for nitrite and nitrate. Among metal pollutants, the toxic risk caused by lead in potato consumers was higher than the threshold limit. In conclusion, our findings showed that the physicochemical characteristics of the soil could effectively increase the availability of metal pollutants and nitrite/nitrate to the potato product and significantly reduce its health quality. Therefore, monitoring these pollutants in the soil-potato system, preventing the entry of industrial wastewater, and managing the use of agricultural fertilizers can effectively improve the health of this product for consumers.

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Funding

This study was the M.Sc. thesis of the first author that was supported by vice-chancellor for research and technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (Grant No.140008257023).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Milad Zeinali & Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Milad Zeinali & Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi

  3. Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Ali Heshmati

  4. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Younes Mohammadi

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Nili Ahmadabadi

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  1. Milad Zeinali
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  2. Ali Heshmati
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  3. Younes Mohammadi
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  4. Maryam Nili Ahmadabadi
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  5. Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
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Contributions

MZ helped in bibliography and design of the study and did the work and drafted the manuscript as his M.Sc thesis. AH, YM and MNA served as advisers to the study. AN-A conceived and supervised the study and edited the manuscript and has been the supervisor of the thesis.

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Correspondence to Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi.

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Zeinali, M., Heshmati, A., Mohammadi, Y. et al. Distribution of nitrate/nitrite and toxic metals in the soil-potato system and its health risk assessment in Iran. Environ Geochem Health 46, 131 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-01897-5

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