Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Field incidence and analysis of biology and morphometrics of the invasive spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in cotton in Tamil Nadu, India

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The incidence of Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was surveyed in production fields of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in Tamil Nadu, India, from December 2021 to April 2022. Plants sampled in the crops were winter and summer planted, 45–95 days past seeding, and in the flowering to boll development stages. Whitefly counts from the sampling yielded a range of 4.4 to 8.9 adults and nymphs per 3 leaves (sample unit). The nymphs and adults collected from the fields were taxonomically confirmed using taxonomic characteristics obtained by photographs of live and slide-mounted specimens. Identification was further confirmed by molecular techniques using the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene (COI) universal primer-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. The resulting dendrogram, constructed using MEGA-X and analyzed using the maximum likelihood method, yielded a single clade with sub-lineages of the specimens collected in this survey. Overall, the mean (± SD) duration of the entire life cycle of A. dispersus collected was 43.9 ± 2.4 d. Mean (± SD) length x width the developmental stages were 283.8 ± 13.3 μm x 167.0 ± 4.5 μm for eggs, 335.7 ± 19.3 μm x 266.9 ± 25.7 μm for first instars, 473.8 ± 21.6 μm x 349.8 ± 21.3 μm for second instars, 774.4 ± 15.11 μm x 440.2 ± 5.8 μm for third instars, 881.1 ± 16.7 μm x 634.7 ± 5.2 μm for fourth instars, and 970.0 ± 9.1 μm x 836.9 ± 12.7 μm for adults.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Banjo AD (2010) A review of Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (spiralling whitefly) [Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae] in Nigeria. J Entomol Nematol 2:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Banjo A, Hassan A, Jackai L, Ekanayake IJ, Dixon A (2003) Developmental and behavioral study of spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus) on three cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes. J Crop Res 26:145–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Chand RR, Jokhan AD, Gopalan RD (2016) Bioactivity of selected essential oils from medicinal plants found in Fiji against the spiralling whiteflies (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell). Adv Hortic Sci 30:165–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Chand RR, Jokhan AD, Kelera R (2019) Spiralling whitefly and its management practices in the South Pacific. A review. Adv Hortic Sci 33:123–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira EB, Cavalcanti PP, Nogueira DA (2014) ExpDes: an R package for ANOVA and experimental designs. Appl Math 15:2952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geetha B (2000) Biology and management of spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India

  • Hodges GS, Evans GA (2005) An identification guide to the whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the southeastern United States. Fla Entomol 88:518–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jabran K, Ul-Allah S, Chauhan BS, Bakhsh A (2020) An introduction to global production trends and uses, history and evolution, and genetic and biotechnological improvements in cotton, Pp.1–22. In Khawar Jabran and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan (eds.), Cotton production. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom

  • Laskowski RA, Moss DS, Thornton JM (1993) Main-chain bond lengths and bond angles in protein structures. J Mol Biol 231:1049–1067

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mani M (2010) Origin, introduction, distribution and management of the invasive spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell in India. Karnataka J Agric Sci 23:59–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Mani M, Krishnamoorthy AA (2000) Population dynamics of spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Aleyrodidae, Homoptera) and its natural enemies on guava in India. Entom 25:29–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin JH (1987) An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Int J Pest Mana 33:298–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin JH (2004) Whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Part 1 introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance & Baker. Zootaxa 681:1–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mound LA, Halsey SH (1978) Whitefly of the world. A systematic catalogue of the Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) with host plant and natural enemy data, Pp. 1-340. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK

  • Oliveira MRV, Henneberry THE, Anderson P (2001) History, current status, and collaborative research projects for Bemisia tabaci. Crop Prot 20:709–723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palaniswami MS, Pillai KS, Nair RR, Mohandas C (1995) A new cassava pest in India. Cassava Newsl 19:6–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Racine JS (2012) RStudio: a platform-independent IDE for R and Sweave. J Appl Econ 27:167–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramani S (2000) Fortuitous introduction of an aphelinid parasitoid of the spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) into the Lakshadweep Islands with notes on host plants and other natural enemies. Biol Contr 14:55–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy PP (2015) Plant protection in tropical root and tuber crops. Springer, New Delhi, India

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Russell LM (1965) A new species of Aleurodicus Douglas and two close relatives (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Fla Entomol 48:47–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadhana V, Senguttuvan K, Murugan M, Manikanda Boopathi N, Sathiah N (2021) First record of Bondar’s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari peracchi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), occurrence and infestation in the cotton ecosystem of Tamil Nadu, India. J Pharm Innov 10(10S):1278–1284

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadhana V, Senguttuvan K, Murugan M (2022) Taxonomy of whiteflies natural enemies in Tamil Nadu cotton ecosystem. Madras Agric J 109(special):10–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadhana V, Senguttuvan K, Murugan M, Suriya S (2023) Review on exotic Bondar’s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari peracchi, infestation on multiple cropping systems. Phytoparasitica 51:173–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook J, Russell DW (2001) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, vol 1, 3rd eds. edn. Cold Springs Harbor Lab, Long Island, NY, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanas S, Job J, Joseph T, Anju Krishnan G (2016) First report of the invasive rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from the old world. Entomon 41(4):365–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasa MV (2000) Host plants of the spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Manag Hort Ecosyst 6:79–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Stocks C, Greg Hodges (2012) The rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus Martin, a new exotic whitefly in South Florida (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Pp. 1–6. In: Adam H, Putnam (eds) Pest Alert. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, FL, USA, In

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundararaj R, Selvaraj K (2017) Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): a potential threat to coconut in India. Phytoparasitica 45:71–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22(22):4673–4680

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vrijenhoek R (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 3:294–299

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse DF, Norris KR (1987) Biological control: Pacific prospects, Pp. 335–454. In Waterhouse, D.F. and Norris, K.R. (eds.), Biological Control, ACFIA, Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse A, Bertoni M, Bienert S, Studer G, Tauriello G, Gumienny R, Heer FT, de Beer TAP, Rempfer C, Bordoli L, Lepore R Schwede (2018) T. SWISS-MODEL: homology modeling of protein structures and complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 46(1):296–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore for granting permission for this study and offering support during the collection and analysis of insect samples.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641003, Coimbatore, India

    V Sadhana, K Senguttuvan & M Murugan

  2. Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641003, Coimbatore, India

    C Yogambal & T Ramasubramanian

  3. Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 641007, Coimbatore, India

    R Caroline Nirmala & M Jayakanthan

Authors
  1. V Sadhana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K Senguttuvan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M Murugan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. C Yogambal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. T Ramasubramanian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. R Caroline Nirmala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M Jayakanthan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V Sadhana.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical statement

There were no human participants and/or animals included in this research.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sadhana, V., Senguttuvan, K., Murugan, M. et al. Field incidence and analysis of biology and morphometrics of the invasive spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in cotton in Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Trop Insect Sci 44, 969–977 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-024-01205-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-024-01205-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation