Abstract
The changes in net primary production—aboveground (ANP), belowground (BNP), and total (NPP)—are considered for meadow, true, and dry steppes. The investigated meadow and true steppes are found between 36° and 116° E, 47° and 56° N. In Tyva, the production of dry steppes has been determined for different landscape positions: from the mountaintop to the bottom of intermontane depression. The ANP value in meadow steppes changes eastward from 10.2 to 3.1 t/ha per year; in true steppes, from 5.8 to 0.7 t/ha per year and depends on many factors, such as air temperature, precipitation, and soil properties. The latter are controlled by a set of factors, including the topographic position of ecosystem, which determines different soil moistening. The general trend of the eastward decrease in the ANP value is often disturbed both in meadow steppes and true steppes. In some cases, ANP increases rather than decreases in a series of meadow steppes, which is explained by certain changes in soil conditions. The first increase in ANP from 4.8 (63° E) to 6.1 (73° E) t/ha per year occurs with the replacement of Luvic Chernozem (Loamic) by Inclinigleyic Chernozem (Loamic) resulting from additional soil moistening. The second increase from 3.6 (75° E) to 6.6 (90° E) t/ha per year is related to the change from Tonguic Chernozem (Siltic) to Haplic Chernozem (Siltic, Pachic). Three increases in ANP are observed in true steppes, namely, when (1) Skeletic Kastanozem (Siltic) is replaced by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic); (2) Haplic Solonetz (Loamic), by Calcic Chernozem (Loamic); and (3) Mollic Leptosol (Siltic), by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic). The BNP value in the upper 30‑cm-thick soil layer of meadow and true steppes generally decreases eastward from 26.8 to 7.7 t/ha per year without any evident regular pattern. In Tyva with its different relief, the ANP of dry steppes varies from 3.7 to 1.7 t/ha per year and BNP, from 27.0 to 8.7 t/ha per year. Consequently, not only air temperature and precipitation determine the ANP value in grass ecosystems but also the soil properties, such as soil structure, Corg content, nutrients, and water availability.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
N. I. Bazilevich, Biological Productivity of Ecosystems of Northern Eurasia (Nauka, Moscow, 1993) [in Russian].
N. I. Bazilevich and A. A. Titlyanova, Biotic Cycle on Five Continents: Nitrogen and Ash Elements in Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems (Izd. Sib. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Novosibirsk, 2008) [in Russian].
N. I. Bazilevich, A. A. Titlyanova, V. V. Smirnov, L. E. Rodin, N. T. Nechaeva, and F. I. Levin, Methods for Studying Biological Cycles in Different Natural Zones (Mysl’, Moscow, 1978) [in Russian].
T. A. Vagina and N. G. Shatokhina, “Dynamics of stocks of aboveground and underground organic mass of steppe, meadow and swamp phytocenoses,” in Structure, Functioning and Evolution of the System of Biogeocenoses in Baraba, Vol. 2: Biogeocenotic Processes (Nauka, Sib. Otd., Novosibirsk, 1976), pp. 217‒264 [in Russian].
V. I. Volkovintser, Steppe Cryoarid Soils (Nauka, Sib. Otd., Novosibirsk, 1978) [in Russian].
A. A. Gorshkova, “Peculiarities of the formation of productivity of steppe communities of Central Tuva,” in Information Problems in Studying the Biosphere. The Ubsunur Basin is a Natural Model of the Biosphere (Pushchino, 1990), pp. 184‒200 [in Russian].
A. A. Gorshkova and G. K. Zvereva, “Ecology of steppe communities of Central Tuva,” in Steppe Vegetation of Siberia and Some Features of Its Ecology (Nauka, Sib. Otd., Novosibirsk, 1982), pp. 19‒36 [in Russian].
S. S. Dubynina, “Net primary production of plant matter facies of the Berezovsky area of the Nazarovo Basin,” Mezhdunar. Zh. Prikl. Fundam. Issled., No. 11, 914 (2019).
Classification and diagnostics of soils of the USSR (Kolos, Moscow, 1977) [in Russian].
A. Yu. Korolyuk, “Vegetation,” in Steppes of Central Asia (Izd. Sib. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Novosibirsk, 2002), pp. 45‒94.
Recommendations for Adapting Agriculture of the Republic of Tuva to Climate Change (WWF of Russia, Oxfam-GB, Ubsunur International Center for Biosphere Research under the Auspices of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences and the Government of the Republic of Tuva. Krasnoyarsk, 2011).
V. A. Snytko and L. G. Nefed’eva, “Real steppes of Transbaikalia, Chita oblast,” in Biological Productivity of Grass Ecosystems (Nauka, Sib. Otd., Novosibirsk, 1988), pp. 49‒58 [in Russian].
A. A. Titlyanova, Biological Carbon Cycle in Grass Biogeocenoses (Nauka, Sib. Otd., Novosibirsk, 1977) [in Russian].
A. A. Titlyanova, N. P. Kosykh, S. S. Kurbatskaya, Ch. S. Kyrgys, N. P. Mironycheva-Tokareva, I. P. Romanova, A. D. Sambuu, and S. V. Shibareva, “Productivity of grass ecosystems in Tuva,” Pochvy Okruzh. Sreda 3, e110 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31251/pos.v3i2.110
A. A. Titlyanova, N. P. Kosykh, N. P. Mironycheva-Tokareva, and I. P. Romanova, Underground Plant Organs in Grass Ecosystems (Nauka, Sib. Izd. Firma Ross. Akad. Nauk, Novosibirsk, 1996) [in Russian].
A. A. Titlyanova and A. D. Sambuu, Succession in Grass Ecosystems (Izd. Sib. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Novosibirsk, 2016) [in Russian].
A. A. Titlyanova and M. Tesarzhova, Regimes of Biological Circulation (Nauka, Sib. Otd., Novosibirsk, 1991) [in Russian].
A. A. Titlyanova and S. V. Shibareva, Productivity of Grass Ecosystems (Handbook) (Izd. MBA, Moscow, 2020) [in Russian].
E. O. Chimitdorzhieva, G. D. Chimitdorzhieva, T. V. Davydova, and Yu. B. Tsybenov, “Net primary production of postagrogenic soils of Western Transbaikalia,” Vestn. Kostrom. Gos. Univ. im. N. A. Nekrasova, No. 4, 28‒31 (2012).
N. An, K. Price, and J. M. Blair, “Estimating above-ground net primary productivity of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem of the Central Great Plains using AVHRR NDVI,” Int. J. Remote Sens. 34, 3717–3735 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.757376
N. R. French, “Introduction. Natural temperate grasslands,” in International Biological Programme, Vol. 18: Grassland Ecosystems of the World: Analysis of Grasslands and Their Uses (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1979), pp. 41‒49.
IUSS Working Group WRB, World Reference Base for Soil Resources. International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps, 4th Ed. (International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS), Vienna, 2022).
H. Lin, “The classification indices-based model for NPP according to the integrated orderly classification system of grassland and its application,” in CO 2 Sequestration and Valorization (InTech, 2014). https://doi.org/10.5772/57297
K. C. Misra, “Introduction. Tropical grasslands,” in International Biological Programme, Vol. 18: Grassland Ecosystems of the World: Analysis of Grasslands and Their Uses (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1979), pp. 189‒197.
M. Rychnovská, E. Balátová-Tuláčková, B. Úlehlová, and J. Pelikán, Ekologie Lučních Porostů [The Ecology of Grasslands] (Academia, Praha, 1985).
P. L. Sims and R. T. Coupland, “Producers. Natural temperate grasslands,” in International Biological Programme, Vol. 18: Grassland Ecosystems of the World: Analysis of Grasslands and Their Uses (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1979), pp. 49‒73.
J. S. Singh and M. C. Joshi, “Primary production. Tropical grasslands,” in International Biological Programme, Vol. 18: Grassland Ecosystems of the World: Analysis of Grasslands and Their Uses (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1979), pp. 197‒219.
K. R. Wilcox, S. L. Collins, A. K. Knapp, W. Pockman, Z. Shi, M. Smith, and Y. Luo, “Assessing carbon storage capacity and saturation across six central US grasslands using data-model integration,” Biogeosciences Discuss, (2022). https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-164
https://rp5.ru/.
https://edu.tltsu.ru/sites/sites_content/site216/html/ media96435/lec_5.pdf.
Funding
The work was supported by the most important innovative project of national importance titled “Development of a System for Ground-Based and Remote Monitoring of Carbon Pools and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in the Territory of the Russian Federation Ensuring the Creation of Data Recording Systems on the Fluxes of Climate-Active Substances and the Carbon Budget in Forests and Other Terrestrial Ecological Systems”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE
This work does not contain any studies involving human and animal subjects.
Additional information
Translated by G. Chirikova
Publisher’s Note.
Pleiades Publishing remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Titlyanova, A.A., Vishnyakova, E.K. & Smolentseva, E.N. Net Primary Production of Steppe Ecosystems and the Reasons Underlying Its Spatial Variation. Eurasian Soil Sc. 57, 409–418 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229323603141
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229323603141