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Association between thyroid disorders and extra-thyroidal cancers, a review

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Abstract

Thyroid hormone has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing actions, which has led to significant debate over its involvement in the development of cancer. Proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness, and angiogenesis are all aspects of cancer that are affected by the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, according to research conducted in animal models and in vitro experiments. The effects of thyroid hormones on cancer cells are mediated by many non-genomic mechanisms, one of which involves the activation of the plasma membrane receptor integrin αvβ3. Typically, abnormal amounts of thyroid hormones are linked to a higher occurrence of cancer. Both benign and malignant thyroid disorders were found to be associated with an increased risk of extra-thyroidal malignancies, specifically colon, breast, prostate, melanoma, and lung cancers. The purpose of this review was to shed light on this link to define which types of cancer are sensitive to thyroid hormones and, as a result, are anticipated to respond favorably to treatment of the thyroid hormone axis.

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  1. Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou Health Vocational College, Zhengzhou, 410005, China

    Xin Jia, Jingru Li & Zongliang Jiang

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J.L., contributed to the idea design, literature search. X.J., contributed to writing the manuscript. Z.J., drafted the work.

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Jia, X., Li, J. & Jiang, Z. Association between thyroid disorders and extra-thyroidal cancers, a review. Clin Transl Oncol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-024-03434-3

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