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New Interstellar Extinction Maps Based on Gaia and Other Sky Surveys

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Abstract

We present new three-dimensional (3D) interstellar extinction maps in the \(V\) and Gaia \(G\) filters within 2 kpc of the Sun, a 3D differential extinction (dust spatial distribution density) map along lines of sight in the same space, a 3D map of variations in the ratio of the extinctions in the \(V\) and Gaia \(G\) filters within 800 pc of the Sun, and a 2D map of total Galactic extinction through the entire dust half-layer from the Sun to extragalactic space for Galactic latitudes \(|b|>13^{\circ}\). The 3D maps have a transverse resolution from 3.6 to 11.6 pc and a radial resolution of 50 pc. The 2D map has an angular resolution of 6.1 arcmin. We have produced these maps based on the Gaia DR3 parallaxes and Gaia, Pan-STARRS1, SkyMapper, 2MASS, and WISE photometry for \({\sim}100\) million stars. We have paid special attention to the space within 200 pc of the Sun and high Galactic latitudes as regions where the extinction estimates have had a large relative uncertainty so far. Our maps estimate the extinction within the Galactic dust layer from the Sun to an extended object or through the entire dust half-layer from the Sun to extragalactic space with a precision \(\sigma(A_{\textrm{V}})=0.06\) mag. This gives a high relative precision of extinction estimates even at high Galactic latitudes, where, according to our estimates, the median total Galactic extinction through the entire dust half-layer from the Sun to extragalactic objects is \(A_{\textrm{V}}=0.12\pm 0.06\) mag. We have shown that the presented maps are among the best ones in data amount, space size, resolution, precision, and other properties.

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Notes

  1. https://data.aip.de/projects/starhorse2021.html or https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/I/354

  2. Here and below, by the region near the Sun we mean the region with a radius of about 200 pc around it as a space where the typical uncertainty in the extinction is comparable to the extinction itself, while an insufficient number of stars does not allow many of the reddening/extinction determination methods, for example, the method of Green et al. (2019), to be applied.

  3. We consider the Galactic rectangular coordinate system with the origin in the Sun and the \(X\), \(Y\), and \(Z\) axes directed toward the Galactic center, in the direction of Galactic rotation, and toward the Galactic north pole, respectively. Examples of the cumulative and differential reddening/extinction maps as a function of \(XYZ\) are the maps by Gontcharov (2017) and Lallement et al. (2022), respectively.

  4. https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/PAZh/43/521

  5. http://argonaut.skymaps.info/

  6. http://www.galextin.org/

  7. Within 2 kpc of the Sun there are several billion such stars, or 99\(\%\) of all stars, including \({\sim}400\) million (\({\approx}80\%\)) stars from Gaia DR3).

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the referees for their useful remarks.

Funding

This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 20-72-10052). In this study we used resources from the Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center (http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr), including the SIMBAD database and the X-Match service, the Filtergraph online data visualization system (Burger et al. 2013, https://filtergraph.com), data from the Gaia mission of the European Space Agency (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/ gaia) processed by the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/ dpac/consortium), data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer—a joint project of the University of California, the Los Angeles and Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, data from the SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey project belonging to and operated by the Australian National University’s Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey—a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and National Science Foundation, and Pan-STARRS data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, 196140, St. Petersburg, Russia

    G. A. Gontcharov, A. A. Marchuk, M. Yu. Khovrichev, A. V. Mosenkov, S. S. Savchenko, V. B. Il’in, D. M. Poliakov & A. A. Smirnov

  2. St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. A. Marchuk, M. Yu. Khovrichev, S. S. Savchenko & V. B. Il’in

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA

    A. V. Mosenkov

  4. Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, 369167, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russia

    S. S. Savchenko

  5. St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 190000, St. Petersburg, Russia

    V. B. Il’in

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  1. G. A. Gontcharov
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Gontcharov, G.A., Marchuk, A.A., Khovrichev, M.Y. et al. New Interstellar Extinction Maps Based on Gaia and Other Sky Surveys. Astron. Lett. 49, 673–696 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773723110026

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