Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Impact resistance and damage assessment of steel beams with different web openings

  • Published:
International Journal of Steel Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To investigate the impact resistance of steel beams with different web openings, falling-hammer impact trials and numerical models analyses were performed, focusing on the impact energy, inter-opening space, and opening diameter. The impact resistance of steel beams with different web openings was analyzed, and damage-assessment curves for web-opening steel beams (WOSBs) under impact loads were established. The results showed that web-hexagonal-opening steel beams (WHOSBs) yielded greater damage-related deformation than web-circular-opening steel beams (WCOSBs) for the same impact energy. The average maximum mid-span displacement of the WCOSBs under the falling-hammer was 86.49% that of the WHOSBs, whereas the average energy absorption rate was 6.07% higher. The WCOSBs were more resistant to impacts than the WHOSBs. The impact velocity and mass were the key damage-assessment parameters, and velocity–mass damage-assessment curves and determination equations were established according to on the WOSBs’ maximum mid-span displacement under hinge-supported restraints at both ends. Thus, this study will serve as a reference for assessing the damages of WOSBs subjected to impacts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

E :

Impact energy

V, v :

Velocity of the impacting body

M, m :

Mass of the impacting body

S :

Inter-opening space

D :

Opening diameter

t f, t w :

Flange and web thinners, respectively

H s :

Height of beam

h w :

Height of web section

b f :

Breadth of the flange

L :

Span of the specimen

L 0 :

Calculated span of the specimen

f y, f u :

Yielding and extreme strengths of the steel in tension, respectively

E s :

Elasticity module of specimen

d1, d2, d3:

Position of displacement gauges

H3, H4, O3, O4:

Hexagonal and circular openings in web, respectively

F :

Impact force of specimen

d 1 :

Mid-span displacement of specimen

F max :

Maximal experimental of F

F p :

Impact plateau value of F

d 1, max :

Maximal displacements of d1

E p :

Absorbed energy

A 0, A b :

The lateral projected areas of openings H3, H4, O3, and O4 pre- and post-impact, respectively.

δ :

Rate of reduction in the projected area of H3, H4, O3, and O4

ε p :

Plastic strain rate

D, q :

Parameters of the Cowper–Symonds model

ε fd, ε fs :

Starting malleability-cracking straining for ductility and shear damages, separately

ε u :

Maximal malleability straining of steel

T σ :

Pressure triaxiality

θ :

Allowable elastic–plastic angle at the support

L :

Calculated span diameter of the steel beam

d :

Maximal mid-span displacement

A, B :

Dimensionless constants

k :

Opening-pattern coefficient

References

  • Abidin, A. R. Z., & Izzuddin, B. A. (2013). Meshless local buckling analysis of steel beams with irregular web openings. Engineering Structures, 50, 197–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Rifaie, A., Al-Husainy, A. S., Al-Mansoori, T., et al. (2021). Flexural impact resistance of steel beams with rectangular web openings. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 14, e00-509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cai, R., et al. (2021). Damage assessment of prefabricated prestressed channel slab under plane charge blast. Engineering Structures, 246, 113021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caisong, L. U. O., Fengxuan, W. A. N. G., Chaojiang, F. U., et al. (2023). Study on dynamic responses and buckling of castellated beam with circular web openings under impact load. Journal of Building Structures, 44(01), 132–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chao, H., & Huiqun, G. (2006). Determination coefficient and trend change based time series segment-by-segment linear regression. Statistics & Decision, 129(24), 23–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaojiang, F., Zhonghua, W., & Ke, W. (2021). Study on the residual bearing capacity and damage of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) column subjected to transverse impact. Building Science, 37(05), 11–20+27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H., Wang, Y., Fu, C., et al. (2023). Impact behavior of high-strength steel beam with circular web openings[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 211, 108159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Antimo, M., Latour, M., Rizzano, G., et al. (2019). Experimental and numerical assessment of steel beams under impact loadings. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 158, 230–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demirdjian, S. (1999). Stability of castellated beam webs. McGill University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdal, F., & Saka, M. P. (2013). Ultimate load carrying capacity of optimally designed steel cellular beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 80, 355–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erdal, F., & Saka, M. P. (2018). Ultimate load carrying capacity of optimally designed steel cellular beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 80, 355–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu, Q. N., Yang, B., Hu, Y., et al. (2016). Dynamic analyses of bolted-angle steel joints against progressive collapse based on component-based model. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 117, 161–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GB 50017-2017. (2017). Standard for Design of Steel Structures, China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing (in Chinese).

  • GB 50779-2012. (2012). Code for Design of Blast Resistant Control Building in Petrochemical Industry, China Planning Press, Beijing, (in Chinese).

  • Haolan, H. (2022) Study on Dynamic response and residual bearing capacity of H-shaped steel column under weak axis direction impact load. Southwest University of Science and Technology.

  • Huo, J. S., Zhang, J. Q., Liu, Y. Z., & Fu, F. (2017). Dynamic behavior and catenary action of axially-restrained steel beam under impact loading. Structures, 11, 84–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jama, H. H., Bambach, M. R., Nurick, G. N., Grzebieta, R. H., & Zhao, X. L. (2009). Numerical modelling of square tubular steel beams subjected to transverse blast loads. Thin-Walled Struct, 47(12), 1523–1534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia, L. J., & Kuwamura, H. (2015). Ductile fracture model for structural steel under cyclic large strain loading. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 106, 110–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jingsi, H., Jinqing, Z., Baisheng, C., et al. (2011). Dynamic behaviors of hot-rolled steel beams under drop weight impact loading. Journal of Building Structures, 32(12), 242–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, N. (2011). Structural impact. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lei, G. (2018). Dynamic response and residual structural capacity study of h-shaped steel with different width-thickness ratio of the plate under impact load. Taiyuan University of Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lei, G., Pengcheng, C., Huiwei, Y., et al. (2018). Dynamic response analysis of H steel beam with different width-thickness ratio of the plate under impact load. Science Technology and Engineering, 18(17), 272–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, N., Long, G., Fu, Q., et al. (2019). Dynamic mechanical characteristics of filling layer self-compacting concrete under impact loading[J]. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 19(3), 851–861.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, T. C. H., & Chung, K. F. (2003). Steel beams with large web openings of various shapes and sizes: finite element investigation. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 59(9), 1159–1176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luming, W., Yanhui, L., Shichun, Z., et al. (2022). Study on evaluation model and influencing factors for cracking of concrete-filled steel tubular members subjected to lateral low-velocity impact. China Civil Engineering Journal, 55(03), 7–17+35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, C., Wang, F., Chen, H., et al. (2022). Castellated steel beams under impact load. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 196, 107394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panedpojaman, P., Thepchatri, T., & Limkatanyu, S. (2014). Novel design equations for shear strength of local web-post buckling in cellular beams. Thin-Walled Structures, 76, 92–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pengcheng, C., Xin, C., Lei, G., et al. (2018). Impact resistance of H shaped beam with various widthto-thickness ratio. Explosion and Shock Waves, 38(6), 1378–1385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rui, W. A. N. G., & Chang, P. E. I. (2013). Parametric analysis of dynamic response of hot-rolled H-shaped steel beam under lateral impact load. Engineering Mechanics, 30(S1), 258–262.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Saini, D., & Shafei, B. (2019). Investigation of concrete-filled steel tube beams strengthened with CFRP against impact loads. Composite Structures, 208, 744–757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snock, D., & Belis, J. (2015). Lateral-torsional buckling resistance of cellular beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 105, 119–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, F., Fu, C., Chen, H., et al. (2022). Effect of impact loading on the dynamic response of steel beams with hexagonal web opening. Thin-Walled Structures, 180, 109896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, P., Wang, X., & Ma, N. (2014). Vertical shear buckling capacity of web-posts in castellated steel beams with fillet corner hexagonal web openings. Engineering Structures, 75, 315–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao-fang, D., Lin, J., Long-mei, J., et al. (2022). Numerical simulation study of hot-rolled H-steel beam under impact loading. Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 39(3), 127–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, B., Wang, H., Yang, Y., et al. (2018). Numerical study of rigid steel beam-column joints under impact loading. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 147, 62–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., Qian, X., Xinhong, D., et al. (2019). Effect of cyclic impact on sandstone characteristics under confining pressures. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Natural Science Edition, 47(06), 127–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ying, C., Jun-hai, Z., Chang-guang, Z., et al. (2015). Explosion-resistance behavior and damage assessment of a duplex hollow CFST column subjected to blast loading. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 34(21), 188–193+216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yue-wen, Z. (2019). Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Cold-Formed Steel and the Steel-to-Steel Screwed Connections at Elevated Temperatures. China University of Mining and Technology.

  • Zhang, X., Hao, H., Shi, Y., et al. (2016). Static and dynamic material properties of CFRP/epoxy laminates[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 114, 638–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (Nos. 2022J01928 and 2020J01885) and the Fujian Provincial Department of Housing and Urban Rural Development Science and Technology Plan Project(Nos. 2022-K-71 and 2022-K-305).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, China

    Huayan Chen, Jianzhong Huang, Chaojiang Fu, Sixiang Wang, Fengxuan Wang & Caisong Luo

  2. Fujian Zhonglin Engineering Construction Company Limited, Nanping, 353000, China

    Bizhen Wang

Authors
  1. Huayan Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jianzhong Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chaojiang Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sixiang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fengxuan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Caisong Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Bizhen Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Caisong Luo.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chen, H., Huang, J., Fu, C. et al. Impact resistance and damage assessment of steel beams with different web openings. Int J Steel Struct 24, 405–416 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-024-00824-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-024-00824-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation