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Green Pesticide High Activity Based on TiO2 Nanosuspension Incorporated Silver Microspheres Against Phytophthora palmivora

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Abstract

Cocoa pod production has experienced a significant decline due to attacks by the Phytophthora palmivora (P. palmivora) fungus, which is the main cause of cocoa pod rot. To overcome this problem, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was chosen because of its potential as an antifungal, and its activity can be increased by adding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This research aims to determine the antifungal properties of TiO2–Ag nanosuspension on the growth of P. palmivora under exposure to UV, Visible and without irradiation. The sol–gel process was used to synthesize TiO2, and ultrasonics was used to integrate silver nanoparticles into TiO2. Characterization of UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) shows a change in the energy gap from 3.24 to 2.82 eV. The Fourier confirmed the crystal structure of the TiO2-Ag anatase transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, which showed the stretching vibration peak of the Ti–O and Ag–O bonds (463.88 cm−1). Particle size analysis (PSA) characterization revealed that the nanoscale of TiO2–Ag was 92.4 nm. The disc diffusion method was used to test the antifungal inhibitory of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% TiO2–Ag against P. palmivora. The antifungal activity of the TiO2–Ag showed strong resistance under exposure to visible light, and the optimum concentration of TiO2–Ag was 0.5%.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Tarbiyah, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kendari, Kendari, 93116, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

    Zul Arham

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 93232, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

    Annisa Zalfa Al Ikhwan, Abdul Haris Watoni, Muhammad Nurdin & Maulidiyah Maulidiyah

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Technology and Health, Institut Sains Teknologi Dan Kesehatan (ISTEK) ‘Aisyiyah Kendari, Kendari, 93116, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

    Muhammad Edihar

  4. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Dan Kesehatan Avicenna, Kendari, 93117, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

    Irwan Irwan

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Contributions

ZA: Writing-original draft, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. AZAI: Investigation. ME: Formal analysis, Investigation. AHW: Formal analysis, validation, methodology. II: Formal analysis, Investigation. MN: Conceptualization, Writing-original draft, Data curation. MM: Methodology, Conceptualization, Data curation.

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Zul Arham declares that he has no conflict of interest. Annisa Zalfa Ikhwan declares that she has no conflict of interest. Muhammad Edihar declares that he has no conflict of interest. Abdul Haris Watoni declares that he has no conflict of interest. Irwan Irwan declares that he has no conflict of interest. Muhammad Nurdin declares that he has no conflict of interest. Maulidiyah Maulidiyah declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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Arham, Z., Al Ikhwan, A.Z., Edihar, M. et al. Green Pesticide High Activity Based on TiO2 Nanosuspension Incorporated Silver Microspheres Against Phytophthora palmivora. Indian J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01239-0

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