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Adjuvant and Neo-Adjuvant Anti-Obesity Medications and Bariatric Surgery: A Scoping Review

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To comprehensively summarize the current body of literature on the topic of adjuvant and neoadjuvant pharmacotherapy used in combination with bariatric surgery.

Recent Findings

Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have been used since the mid-1900s; however, their use in combination with bariatric surgery is a newer area of research that is rapidly growing. Pharmacotherapy may be used before (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) bariatric surgery. Recent literature suggests that adjuvant AOMs may address weight regain and inadequate weight loss following bariatric surgery. Research on neoadjuvant AOM used to optimize weight loss before bariatric surgery is more limited.

Summary

A literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Thirty-four studies were included after screening and exclusion of irrelevant records. Included studies were as follows: seven prospective studies on adjuvant AOM use, 23 retrospective studies on adjuvant AOM use, one prospective study on adjuvant and neoadjuvant AOM use, one retrospective study on adjuvant or neoadjuvant AOM use, one prospective study on neoadjuvant AOM use, and one case series on neoadjuvant AOM use. In the following scoping review, each of these studies is discussed with the goal of presenting a complete synthesis of the current body of literature on AOM use in combination with bariatric surgery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA

    Theo Sher, Michelle McGee, Christopher DuCoin, Joseph Sujka & Salvatore Docimo Jr.

  2. Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, 7th Floor, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA

    Michelle McGee, Christopher DuCoin, Joseph Sujka & Salvatore Docimo Jr.

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  1. Theo Sher
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Contributions

TS conducted literature screening, analysis, and manuscript writing. MM, JS, and SD conducted project design and literature search and assisted with record screening, analysis, and manuscript editing. CD provided project oversight and assisted with manuscript editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Theo Sher.

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TS and MM have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. CD is a consultant for Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, and Intuitive Surgical. JS is a consultant for Intuitive Surgical and Enterra Medical. SD is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and BD. None of these relationships influenced the current study.

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Sher, T., McGee, M., DuCoin, C. et al. Adjuvant and Neo-Adjuvant Anti-Obesity Medications and Bariatric Surgery: A Scoping Review. Curr Obes Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-024-00558-z

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