Abstract
Spodoptera litura is a destructive lepidopteran generalist pest widespread in tropical and subtropical regions and causes huge yield loss by gregarious feeding on crop plants. During co-evolution, Zea mays (Var. African tall) has attained a well-crafted defence mechanism and can demote the performance of its invaders. When an insect feeds on a host/non-host plant, its digestive system needs to upregulate the first line of defence against a broad spectrum of antifeedants and toxins of host origin. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying insect response to plant resistance factors, a comparative midgut transcriptome of Spodoptera litura fed on maize and control plants was investigated, which identified a total of 712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 232 up-regulating and 480 down-regulating genes. Gene ontology, gene enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that upregulated genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification, defence, lipid metabolism, digestion, and signal transduction. In contrast, down-regulated genes were primarily linked to cytoskeleton, transport, signalling, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, growth and developmental processes. The above results indicate an antinutritional stress on S. litura, which leads to a compensatory mechanism in the insect by enhanced digestibility and detoxification at the cost of growth and development. This study provides an overall understanding of the transcriptomic response of S. litura upon feeding on a suboptimal host. Nevertheless, our study forms the basis for future molecular studies on S. litura adaptation and may widen the scope for their management.
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Acknowledgements
AS acknowledged the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, for the financial support (ECR/2017/002478; SPG/2021/002969). The authors thank Prof. (Dr.) Rama, Principal, Hansraj College, for providing all the facilities to conduct this research work and for her constant support.
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AS and IKS conceptualized and supervised the study. AS and SK contributed to the investigation and performed the experiments. AS, MY and MK analyzed data and AS, MY, MK and SK wrote the original draft. AS and IKS contributed to reviewing, editing and visualization. AS and IKS contributed to the formal analysis. AS and IKS contributed to funding acquisition and resources. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Singh, A., Kumar, S., Yadav, M. et al. Tailored midgut gene expression in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on Zea mays indicates a tug of war. Arthropod-Plant Interactions (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-024-10048-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-024-10048-7