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Automatic LIBS baseline correction by physical-constrained airPLS method: a case of equivalence ratio measurement in high temperature after-burn gas

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Abstract

When laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used in online equivalence ratio measurements, the spatial–temporal temperature gradient would lead to significantly varied baselines, which require real-time corrections. In this study, the correlation relationship between spectral intensity and broadband radiation was utilized as the physical constraint in automatic baseline correction. The pixel-to-pixel correlation coefficient on the wavelength (\({R}^{2}\)) was introduced as the “Correlation Spectrum”, and the summation of all correlation coefficients (\(sum{R}^{2}\)) was used as an objective function. By maximizing \(sum{R}^{2}\) using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, the key parameters in the adaptive iteratively reweighted Penalized Least Squares (airPLS) method were automatically optimized. The baselines fitted by airPLS could adapt to the plasma excitation variations in a temperature range from 1458 to 1705 K, which improved accuracy in equivalence ratio measurements. The potential advantages of Correlation Spectrum in weak peak identification and broadening effect evaluation were also demonstrated. The benchmarked results suggested that the proposed approach can be conveniently employed in online LIBS measurements and improve its quantification performance.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2905500), National Natural Science Foundation of China (51906149), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (21DZ1205300), The Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SL2020ZD202), SJTU and SPIC: Joint Fund for Future Energy Program (202110). The authors would like to thank Aochen Li and Qiwen Zhang for their kind help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Thermal Energy Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Wendong Wu, Ziqing Zhao, Shu Chai & Haimeng Peng

  2. College of Smart Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 665 Jianchuan Rd, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Ziqing Zhao & Lijun Yu

  3. School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Chen Sun

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  1. Wendong Wu
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Wendong Wu, Ziqing Zhao; methodology and formal analysis: Ziqing Zhao; investigation: Shu Chai, Haimeng Peng; writing-original draft preparation: Ziqing Zhao; writing-reviewing and editing: Wendong Wu, Chen Sun, Lijun Yu; funding acquisition: Wendong Wu, Lijun Yu, supervision: Lijun Yu; project administration: Wendong Wu.

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Correspondence to Lijun Yu.

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Wu, W., Zhao, Z., Chai, S. et al. Automatic LIBS baseline correction by physical-constrained airPLS method: a case of equivalence ratio measurement in high temperature after-burn gas. Appl. Phys. B 130, 61 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-024-08204-1

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