Abstract
Self-compatibility (SC) in a naturally self-incompatible fruit tree species is an incredibly interesting trait for breeding objectives and a valuable tool to investigate the mechanism of the gametophytic self-incompatibility system. We focused on an apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), in which studies on the SC remain largely unexplored because of a lack of spontaneous and/or induced self-compatible mutants, and performed gamma-ray mutagenesis and succeeded in producing several pollen-part self-compatible mutants. We revealed that SC in the mutants was not caused by a dysfunctional pollen S factor in either of the S-haplotypes but presumably by a translocation of an S-haplotype to a non-homologous chromosome, which allowed the mutants to produce S-heteroallelic pollen grains that overcome self-incompatibility through the competitive interaction between the two different S-factors in the pollen grain. The results from our study demonstrate that duplication of the pollen-S in a pollen grain causes the breakdown of the pollen function in Malus, like Pyrus of Rosaceae and Solanaceae, but not in the mutation of the pollen-S itself, like Prunus. The mutants and our finding will be useful for apple breeding programs.
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Data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files). The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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The Illumina MiSeq sequencing was supported by the Genome Breeding Support Office of Institute of Crop Science, NARO (NICS).
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K.A. conceived the study; K.A. and S.M. designed the study; K. A., S.M., K.O., T.S., and T.H. performed the phenotyping; S.M. and S.N. performed the genotyping and analyzed the data; K.A. and S.M. wrote original draft. All authors revised, edited, and approved the final manuscript.
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Abe, K., Moriya, S., Nishio, S. et al. Breakdown of self-incompatibility of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) induced by gamma-ray mutagenesis. Tree Genetics & Genomes 20, 11 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-024-01644-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-024-01644-y