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Topography-mediated light environment regulates intra-specific seasonal and diurnal patterns of photosynthetic plasticity and plant ecophysiological adaptation strategies

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Abstract

Due to substantial topographic variations in the Himalaya, incident solar radiation in the forest canopy is highly unequal. This results in significant environmental differences at finer scales and may lead to considerable differences in photosynthetic productivity in montane forests. Therefore, local-scale ecophysiological investigations, may be more effective and instructive than landscape-level inventories and models. We investigated leaf ecophysiological differences and related adaptations between two Quercus semecarpifolia forests in aspect-mediated, significantly varying light regimes in the same mountain catchment. Seasonal and diurnal rates of photosynthesis (A) were significantly higher in south aspect (S) than the north (N). Although temperature was a key contributor to seasonal fluctuations in photosynthetic physiology, photoperiod significantly determined intraspecific variations in seasonal and diurnal plasticity of leaf ecophysiological traits between the two topography-mediated light environments. The regression model for A as a function of stomatal conductivity (gsw) explained the critical role of gsw in triggering photosynthetic plasticity as an adaptive function against varying environmental stresses due to seasonal solar differences. We also examined, modifications in chlorophyll content between the two light regimes across seasons to determine the chlorophyll adaptation strategy. The N aspect had higher leaf chl a, b, and chl a + b and a lower chl-allocation ratio (a/b) than S, which helped to optimize the required light reception in the photoreaction centers for improved photosynthetic performance. The leaf light response curves for A and gsw were observed against varying incident photosynthetic photon flux densities (0–2000 mol.m2 s−1 PPFD) for both aspects. We found that the same species developed significantly distinct light response strategies and photosynthetic capacities in S than in N for the given magnitudes of PPFD. Such acquired ecophysiological adaptations owing to varying light environments may provide significant clues for understanding the impact of future climate change on Himalayan tree species.

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Acknowledgements

This research Article is part of the PhD work of Mr. Ambuj Mishra. The financial assistance was provided by UGC fellowship. Equipment grant was provided by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. Author convey a thanks to Uttarakhand Forest department and Divisional Forest Officer, Kedarnath Wildlife sanctuary for providing necessary permission to work in the forest.

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  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Ambuj Mishra, Rajman Gupta, Rajendra Kr. Joshi & Satish Chandra Garkoti

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  1. Ambuj Mishra
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AM and SCG—conceived the idea and curated the research design. AM, RG, and RKJ—completed the field work and required laboratory analysis. AM—did the data analysis and manuscript writing. AM and SCG—edited and improved manuscript. All authors contributed in the improvement of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Satish Chandra Garkoti.

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Mishra, A., Gupta, R., Joshi, R.K. et al. Topography-mediated light environment regulates intra-specific seasonal and diurnal patterns of photosynthetic plasticity and plant ecophysiological adaptation strategies. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 30, 435–452 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01439-4

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