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Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Milk from Rewa, India

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Abstract

Mastitis in dairy animals affect milk quality and quantity, animal health and welfare, antimicrobial use and economics of dairy farm, and antimicrobial residues in milk. Staphylococcus aureus is most common mastitis pathogen with ability to cause infections which are difficult to treat. The present study aimed to characterize the S. aureus strains associated with dairy animal with reference to its virulence, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance including methicillin and penicillin G resistance. A total of 100 bovine milk samples were screened by bacterial culture method, out of which 18 S. aureus and 6 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified and characterized for virulence determinants. The strains were uniformly positive for the virulence determinants. However, the hemolysis in blood agar was found to be specific but not a sensitive criterion for virulence. The biofilm formation ability of the isolates showed 61.66% of S. aureus and 83.33% of MRSA strains were positive by Microtiter plate method. The biofilm formation genes (icaA and icaD) were detected in all the strains. The multi-drug resistance profile of the strains was studied by disk diffusion assay where over 70% of S. aureus strains were sensitive to all the anti-microbial agents (except penicillin) and only 33.33% of the strains had the MAR index above 0.2. All the MRSA strains (100%) had a MAR index of ≥ 0.2. All the strains showed resistance to penicillin which is considered as a prognostic marker for mastitis. The presence of penicillin and/or methicillin resistant, biofilm forming S. aureus mastitis strains can severely affect the treatment outcomes and economics of small dairy farmers of the region. Further studies to understand the population structure of the strains, by whole genome or traditional sequence-based methods and MIC values of antibiotics are required.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the Dean, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa for the research facilities provided.

Funding

The authors thank the MP Council of Science and Technology, Bhopal, MP, India (F. No.: R and D(BS)/17–18/19) for their support in the form of research grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Rewa, India

    Shivani Rawat, Neeraj Shrivastava & Ankush Kiran Niranjan

  2. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Rewa, India

    Arpita Shrivastav & Rajeev Ranjan

  3. Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Rewa, India

    Shailendra Singh

  4. Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Jabalpur, India

    P. K. Singh

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SR carried out sample collection, lab experiments, and writing of the manuscript. NS and AS gave design, supervision, and revision of the manuscript. SS and PKS supervised the research work and revised the article. AKN and RR contributed in lab experiments and manuscript writing. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Rawat, S., Shrivastava, N., Shrivastav, A. et al. Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Milk from Rewa, India. Indian J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01241-6

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