Abstract
Worldwide, with the decline of natural habitats, species with reduced niche breadth (specialists) are at greater risk of extinction as they cannot colonise or persist in disturbed habitat types. However, the role of thermal tolerance as a critical trait in understanding changes in species diversity in disturbed habitats, e.g., due to forest replacement by tree plantations, is still understudied. To examine the role of thermal tolerance on the responses of specialist and generalist species to habitat disturbances, we measured and compared local temperature throughout the year and thermotolerance traits [upper (CTmax) and lower (CTmin) thermal limits] of the most abundant species of spiders from different guilds inhabiting pine tree plantations and native Atlantic Forests in South America. Following the thermal adaptation hypothesis, we predicted that generalist species would show a wider thermal tolerance range (i.e., lower CTmin and higher CTmax) than forest specialist species. As expected, generalist species showed significantly higher CTmax and lower CTmin values than specialist species with wider thermal tolerance ranges than forest specialist species. These differences are more marked in orb weavers than in aerial hunter spiders. Our study supports the specialisation disturbance and thermal hypotheses. It highlights that habitat-specialist species are more vulnerable to environmental changes associated with vegetation structure and microclimatic conditions. Moreover, thermal tolerance is a key response trait to explain the Atlantic Forest spider's ability (or inability) to colonise and persist in human-productive land uses.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET/Argentina). The National Park Administration and the Misiones Ecology Ministry gave the necessary permissions for fieldwork. YMGPE has a doctoral fellowship from CONICET. We thank Jeffrey A. Harvey and an anonymous reviewer whose constructive criticisms improved the paper.
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This work was supported in part by the National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology of Argentina (ANPCyT) [PICT 2018-02810 to PES], the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) [UBACyT-20020190200278BA to PES], CONICET (PIP- 11220200102397CO to PES and PUE2016 to M. Di Bitetti).
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YMGPE, PES, and GAZ conceived the ideas and designed the methodology. YMGPE and AM collected the data and performed the analyses. All authors critically contributed to the drafts and gave their final approval for publication.
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Piñanez-Espejo, Y.M.G., Munévar, A., Schilman, P.E. et al. It is hot and cold here: the role of thermotolerance in the ability of spiders to colonize tree plantations in the southern Atlantic Forest. Oecologia (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05529-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05529-8