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CFD simulation of dual-cavity self-resonating cavitating nozzle

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Abstract

Cavitation jets can produce higher-pulsed jets by utilizing the energy produced by cavitation collapse. Based on an organ pipe nozzle with a second-stage resonant cavity in series to form a dual cavity, the flow properties and cavitation of this nozzle are investigated using CFD methods. Through the use of mass flow rates, cavitation numbers, and upstream and downstream pressures, the cavitation effects are examined in the simulations. There are different nozzle structures in the dual resonant cavity in terms of cavity length ratio, cavity diameter ratio, and expansion angle. To determine the appropriate size, cavitation effects are analyzed and compared. According to studies, the cavitation effects can alter whether the resonant cavity size is too large or too small. The ideal cavitation nozzle size for the dual-cavity nozzle utilized in this example has a resonant cavity length ratio of 0.96 and a cavity diameter ratio of 3, all of which are conducive to increasing cavitation and jet effect.

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Abbreviations

C D :

Discharge number (–)

F :

Body force (N/m3)

Fe :

An empirical calibration coefficient (–)

F S :

Safety factor (–)

F cond :

Condensation coefficient (–)

F vap :

Evaporation coefficient (–)

g :

The gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

i :

i-Direction in Governing equation (–)

j :

j-Direction in Governing equation (–)

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2)

K 1 :

Cavitation number (–)

K 2 :

Cavitation number (–)

m :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

n :

Bubble number density (kg/m3)

p :

Static pressure (Pa)

p B :

Bubble pressure (Pa)

p v :

Saturation vapor pressure (Pa)

p 1 :

Upstream pressure (Pa)

p 2 :

Downstream pressure (Pa)

Δ p :

Pressure drop (Pa)

∇p :

Pressure gradient (Pa/m)

Q actual :

Actual volume flow rate (m3/s)

Q ideal :

Ideal volume flow rate (m3/s)

Q V :

Volume flow rate (L/min)

r :

Number of phases (–)

R :

Overall interphase mass transfer rate per unit volume (kg/s m3)

R b :

Bubble radius (m)

R c :

Mass transfer source terms connected to the collapse of the vapor bubbles (–)

R e :

Mass transfer source terms connected to the growth of the vapor bubbles (–)

t :

Time (s)

T :

Transpose of matrix (–)

u m :

Mixture velocity vector (m/s)

u r :

Velocity vector of phase r (m/s)

V v :

Vapor phase velocity (m/s)

α r :

Volume fraction of phase r (–)

α nvc :

Nucleation site volume fraction (–)

α v :

Vapor volume fraction (–)

ε :

Turbulence dissipation rate (m2/s3)

μ m :

Viscosity coefficient of the mixture (Pa s)

µ t :

Turbulence (vortex) viscosity (Pa s)

τ ij :

Turbulent stress tensor (Pa)

ρ :

Density of single-phase fluid (kg/m3)

ρ m :

Mixture density (kg/m3)

ρ r :

Density of phase r (kg/m3)

ρ v :

Density of vapor (kg/m3)

σ :

Area contraction factor (–)

ν :

Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

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Acknowledgements

The Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province's financial support (Grant Number 20170540591) has been much appreciated by the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, People’s Republic of China

    Ping Zheng

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  1. Ping Zheng
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Zheng, P. CFD simulation of dual-cavity self-resonating cavitating nozzle. Sādhanā 49, 125 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-024-02463-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-024-02463-6

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