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Characterization of alkali-treated cellulosic fibers derived from Calamus tenuis canes as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites

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Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of a 4-h alkali treatment, using various concentrations of NaOH (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 15% w/v), on Calamus tenuis cane fibers (CTCFs). Chemical analysis reveals a significant increase in cellulose content, reaching 50.07 ± 1.67% in CTCFs treated with 7.5% NaOH, accompanied by reductions in hemicellulose and lignin as confirmed by FTIR analysis. XRD analysis shows improved structural stability with an enhanced crystallinity index of 44.47 ± 0.69% and crystallite size of 3.03 ± 0.18 nm for CTCFs treated with 7.5% NaOH. TGA analysis indicates decreased activation energy and thermal stability post-treatment. Moreover, CTCFs treated with 7.5% NaOH exhibit peak values of Young’s modulus (2.33 ± 0.05 GPa) and tensile strength (61.37 ± 1.05 MPa). SEM and AFM analyses confirm increased roughness post-treatment, enhancing fiber-matrix interlocking during composite fabrication. EDX analysis identifies an increased O/C ratio post-treatment, suggesting efficient removal of non-cellulosic elements. In conclusion, treating CTCFs with 7.5% NaOH for 4 h at ambient temperature enhances their physicochemical, structural, mechanical, and surface properties, indicating their potential for advanced polymer composites.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge CSIR-NEIST in Jorhat, Assam, for granting us access to their chemical analysis facility. Special thanks are extended to SAIC at Tezpur University for their support with FTIR and SEM, to SAIC at IASST Guwahati for providing AFM facilities, and to SAIF at Gauhati University for access to PXRD and TGA facilities. We also extend our appreciation to CSIC at Dibrugarh University for their valuable contribution to EDX analysis. Finally, we acknowledge Mr. Sanjib Sarma at IIT Guwahati for generously allowing us to utilize their laboratory for conducting tensile tests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India

    Arup Kar

  2. Department of Physics, Digboi College, Digboi, 786171, Assam, India

    Dip Saikia

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, 625701, India

    Narayanasamy Pandiarajan

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Conceptualization: Dip Saikia; methodology: Arup Kar, Dip Saikia; formal analysis and investigation: Arup Kar, Dip Saikia; writing—original draft preparation: Arup Kar; writing—review and editing: Arup Kar, Dip Saikia, Narayanasamy Pandiarajan; resources: Dip Saikia, Narayanasamy Pandiarajan; supervision: Dip Saikia.

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Kar, A., Saikia, D. & Pandiarajan, N. Characterization of alkali-treated cellulosic fibers derived from Calamus tenuis canes as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05560-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05560-y

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