Skip to main content
Log in

Virtual-leader Split/Rejoin-based Flocking Control With Obstacle Avoidance for Multi-agents

  • Published:
International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the research of flocking control algorithm with obstacle avoidance, the constraints of obstacle information, shape and boundary limit their practical applications. To relax these constraints, we assume that the agent can only perceive the position of static obstacle boundary points within its sensing radius, and propose a virtual-leader split/rejoin-based flocking control algorithm with obstacle avoidance. In this algorithm, the virtual-leader is divided into target virtual-leader and bypass virtual-leader, the bypass virtual-leader is designed to lead the agent to move along the boundary of static obstacles, and the target virtual-leader is designed to lead multi-agents split by static obstacles perturbation to re-aggregate and realize the group objective following. Additionally, the position cooperation term is designed to realize the separation and aggregation between agents and between the agent and static obstacle boundary points, and the velocity consensus term is designed to realize velocity matching. Then, the sufficient conditions that the agent does not collide are demonstrated. Finally, it is further verified by simulations that the proposed algorithm can relax the constraints of obstacle shape and boundary, and achieve better environmental adaptability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. T. Z. Muslimov and R. A. Munasypov, “Adaptive decentralized flocking control of multi-UAV circular formations based on vector fields and backstepping,” ISA Transactions, vol. 107, pp. 143–159, 2020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. G. Vásárhelyi, C. Virágh, G. Somorjai, T. Nepusz, A. E. Eiben, and T. Vicsek, “Optimized flocking of autonomous drones in confined environments,” Science Robotics, vol. 3, no. 20, pp. 1–13, 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. N. Jia and L. Wang, “Leader-follower flocking of multiple robotic fish,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1372–1383, 2015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. E. Faraji, A. R. Abbasi, S. Nejatian, M. zadehbagheri, and H. Parvin, “Probabilistic planning of the active and reactive power sources constrained to securable-reliable operation in reconfigurable smart distribution networks,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 199, pp. 1–13, 2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Kavousi-Fard, S. Abbasi, A. Abbasi, and S. Tabatabaie, “Optimal probabilistic reconfiguration of smart distribution grids considering penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1847–1855, 2015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Davoodi, A. R. Abbasi, and S. Nejatian, “Multi-objective dynamic generation and transmission expansion planning considering capacitor bank allocation and demand response program constrained to flexible-securable clean energy,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 47, pp. 1–13, 2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. C. W. Reynolds, “Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model,” ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 25–34, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. H. X. Qiu and H. B. Duan, “Pigeon interaction mode switch-based UAV distributed flocking control under obstacle environments,” ISA Transactions, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 93–102, 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Z. H. Peng, L. Liu, and J. Wang, “Output-feedback flocking control of multiple autonomous surface vehicles based on data-driven adaptive extended state observers,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 4611–4622, 2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. T. R. Yan, X. Xu, Z. Y. Li, and E. Li, “Flocking of multiagent system with dynamic topology by pinning control,” IET Control Theory & Applications, vol. 14, no. 20, pp. 3374–3381, 2020.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Ghapani, J. Mei, W. Ren, and Y. D. Song, “Fully distributed flocking with a moving leader for lagrange networks with parametric uncertainties,” Automatica, vol. 67, pp. 67–76, 2016.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. W. Liu and Z. J. Gao, “A distributed flocking control strategy for UAV groups,” Computer Communications, vol. 153, pp. 95–101, 2020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Zhou, D. B. Zeng, and X. B. Lu, “Multi-agent trajectory-tracking flexible formation via generalized flocking and leader-average sliding mode control,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 36089–36099, 2020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. T. R. Yan, X. Xu, Z. Y. Li, and E. Li, “Flocking of multi-agent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics and heterogeneous virtual leader,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 2931–2939, 2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Yazdani and H. S. Su, “A fully distributed protocol for flocking of time-varying linear systems with dynamic leader and external disturbance,” IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 1234–1242, 2022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Yazdani and M. Haeri, “Robust adaptive fault-tolerant control for leader-follower flocking of uncertain multi-agent systems with actuator failure,” ISA Transactions, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 227–234, 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S. M. A. Pahnehkolaei, A. Alfi, and H. Modares, “Robust inverse optimal cooperative control for uncertain linear multiagent systems,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 2355–2366, 2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Zou, Q. An, S. X. Miao, S. M. Chen, X. M. Wang, and H. S. Su, “Flocking of uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems via distributed adaptive event-triggered control,” Neurocomputing, vol. 465, pp. 503–513, 2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Velagić, L. Vuković, and B. Ibrahimović, “Mobile robot motion framework based on enhanced robust panel method,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 18, pp. 1264–1276, 2020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Bhattacharjee, A. Chakravarthy, and K. Subbarao, “Nonlinear model predictive control and collision-cone-based missile guidance algorithm,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 1481–1497, 2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Fuad, T. Agustinah, and D. Purwanto, “Modified headed social force model based on hybrid velocity obstacles for mobile robot to avoid disturbed groups of pedestrians,” International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 222–241, 2021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. D. Seo, and J. Kang, “Collision-avoided tracking control of UAV using velocity-adaptive 3D local path planning,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 21, pp. 231–243, 2023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J. T. Qi, L. Bai, Y. D. Xiao, Y. M. Wei, and W. S. Wu, “The emergence of collective obstacle avoidance based on a visual perception mechanism,” Information Sciences, vol. 582, pp. 850–864, 2022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A. D. Dang, H. M. La, T. Nguyen, and J. Horm, “Formation control for autonomous robots with collision and obstacle avoidance using a rotational and repulsive force-based approach,” International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Nath, M. Baishya, and D. Ghose, “Decentralised coverage of a large structure using flocking of autonomous agents having a dynamic hierarchy model,” Autonomous Robots, vol. 46, pp. 617–643, 2022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Olfati-Saber, “Flocking for multi-agent dynamic systems: algorithms and theory,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 401–420, 2006.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. J. J. Li, W. Zhang, H. S. Su, and Y. P. Yang, “Flocking of partially-informed multi-agent systems avoiding obstacles with arbitrary shape,” Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 943–972, 2015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. D. Sakai, H. Fukushima, and F. Matsuno, “Flocking for multirobots without distinguishing robots and obstacles,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1019–1027, 2016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. R. B. Grando, J. C. de Jesus, V. A. Kich, A. H. Kolling, and P. L. J. Drews-Jr, “Double critic deep reinforcement learning for mapless 3D navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles,” Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, vol. 104, no. 29, pp. 1–14, 2022.

    Google Scholar 

  30. K. Taylor and S. M. LaValle, “Intensity-based navigation with global guarantees,” Autonomous Robots, vol. 36, pp. 349–364, 2014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. C. Ntakolia, S. Moustakidis, and A. Siouras, “Autonomous path planning with obstacle avoidance for smart assistive systems,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 213, pp. 1–18, 2023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. K. N. McGuire, G. C. H. E. de Croon, and K. Tuyls, “A comparative study of bug algorithms for robot navigation,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 121, pp. 1–17, 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuanfa Ji.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that there is no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This work is supposed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62161007 and 62061010), Foundation from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (AA20302022, AB21196041, AB22035074 and AD22080061), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application (DH202207 and DH202215), and Young Teachers Promotion Project of Guangxi Universities (2022KY0181).

Jianhui Wu received his Ph.D. degree in traffic information engineering and control from Changsha University of Science and Technology, China in 2019. His research interests include satellite navigation, system control, and system optimization.

Yuanfa Ji received his Ph.D. degree in astronomical technology and methods from National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, China in 2008. His research interests include satellite navigation, signal processing, and system control.

Xiyan Sun received her Ph.D. degree in astronomical technology and methods from National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, China in 2006. Her research interests include satellite navigation, signal processing, and system control.

Weibin Liang received his M.E. degree in electronics and communication engineering from Guilin University of Electronic Technology, China in 2020. His research interests include satellite navigation, visual navigation, signal processing, and system control.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, J., Ji, Y., Sun, X. et al. Virtual-leader Split/Rejoin-based Flocking Control With Obstacle Avoidance for Multi-agents. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-022-0950-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-022-0950-6

Keywords

Navigation