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Nanoparticles Based on Polyferulic and Polygentisic Acids as New Carriers of Anticancer Drugs

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Abstract

Objective: Synthesis of nanoparticles based on lignin-like polymers with a specific structure and investigation of their potential as drug carriers for tumor treatment. Methods: Enzyme laccase was used for polymer synthesis. NMR and FTIR were applied for polymer structure analysis. Nanoparticles were formed by dialysis. DLS and TEM were used to investigate their physico-chemical properties and morphology. The MTT assay was applied in the cytotoxicity analysis. Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy were used to study the internalization of NPs by human cells. Apoptosis was measured with Annexin V. Results and Discussion:The nanoparticles formed by lignin-like polymers can differ in morphology depending on the monomers used in the enzymatic reaction and the method of their formation. Polyferulic nanoparticles actively penetrate tumor cells growing in monolayer culture and as part of spheroids. The nanoparticle-bound anti-cancer drug doxorubicin has a higher cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells compared with a free compound. Conclusions: The morphology of nanoparticles can affect their penetration into tumor cells and their cytotoxic effect. Proposed carriers can be used for efficient, passive targeted drug delivery in tumor treatment.

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DATA AVAILABILITY

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia

    I. V. Smirnov

  2. G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia

    A. V. Lisov, A. N. Zvonarev, N. E. Suzina & M. Y. Zemskova

  3. Institute of Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia

    A. S. Kazakov

Authors
  1. I. V. Smirnov
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  2. A. V. Lisov
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  3. A. N. Zvonarev
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  4. N. E. Suzina
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  5. A. S. Kazakov
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  6. M. Y. Zemskova
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All authors made equal contributions to the writing of the article.

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Correspondence to I. V. Smirnov or M. Y. Zemskova.

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Abbreviations: DLS, dynamic light scattering; Dox, doxorubicin; PDI, poydispersity index; pDMF, 2,6-dimethoxy phenolic polymers; pFA, ferulic polymers; pGA, gentisic polymers; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; LSC, low-speed centrifugation; NP, nanoparticles.

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Smirnov, I.V., Lisov, A.V., Zvonarev, A.N. et al. Nanoparticles Based on Polyferulic and Polygentisic Acids as New Carriers of Anticancer Drugs. Russ J Bioorg Chem 50, 467–484 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162024020213

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