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Genetic characterization, structural analysis, and detection of positive selection in small heat shock proteins of Cypriniformes and Clupeiformes

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Abstract

In the current investigation, a total of 42 full-length, non-redundant small heat shock proteins (sHsp) were detected in Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita, Danio rerio, Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Clupea harengus. The sHsp genes were classified into three groups based on phylogenetic analysis. All the sHsps were shown to have higher aliphatic index values, which is an indication that these proteins are more thermally stable. The hydrophilic nature of sHsps was deduced from the fact that all fish species had negative GRAVY scores. In all of the representative fish species, sHsp genes were assigned to distinct chromosomes in an inconsistent and unequal manner. Segmental duplications are the main events that have contributed to the expansion of the sHsp genes in all species. We were also able to determine the selective pressure that was placed on particular codons and discovered several significant coding sites within the coding region of sHsps. Eventually, diversifying positive selection was found to be connected with evolutionary changes in sHsp proteins, which showed that gene evolution controlled the fish adaption event in response to environmental conditions. Clarification of the links between sHsps and environmental stress in fish will be achieved through rigorous genomic comparison, which will also yield substantial new insights.

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Author notes

  1. Mehwish Sultana and Muhammad Tayyab contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan

    Mehwish Sultana & Shakeela Parveen

  2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Guangxi, 535011, People’s Republic of China

    Laiba Shafique

  3. Department of Zoology, Wildlife & Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tayyab & Shakeela Parveen

  4. Department of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Hussain

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  1. Mehwish Sultana
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  2. Muhammad Tayyab
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  3. Shakeela Parveen
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  4. Muhammad Hussain
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  5. Laiba Shafique
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Contributions

S.P. and M.H. design the study. M.T. and M.S. wrote the main manuscript text; M.T., M.H., and M.S. collected and analyzed the data; M.H. and M.S. prepared figures; M.T. and M.S. prepared the tables. L.S. and S.P. revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shakeela Parveen or Laiba Shafique.

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The study was approved and reviewed by the Department of Animal Welfare and Ethical Committee of Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.

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I declare that the authors have no competing interests.

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Sultana, M., Tayyab, M., Parveen, S. et al. Genetic characterization, structural analysis, and detection of positive selection in small heat shock proteins of Cypriniformes and Clupeiformes. Fish Physiol Biochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01337-2

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