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Current Strategies for Combating Biofilm-Forming Pathogens in Clinical Healthcare-Associated Infections

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Abstract

The biofilm formation by various pathogens causes chronic infections and poses severe threats to industry, healthcare, and society. They can form biofilm on surfaces of medical implants, heart valves, pacemakers, contact lenses, vascular grafts, urinary catheters, dialysis catheters, etc. These biofilms play a central role in bacterial persistence and antibiotic tolerance. Biofilm formation occurs in a series of steps, and any interference in these steps can prevent its formation. Therefore, the hunt to explore and develop effective anti-biofilm strategies became necessary to decrease the rate of biofilm-related infections. In this review, we highlighted and discussed the current therapeutic approaches to eradicate biofilm formation and combat drug resistance by anti-biofilm drugs, phytocompounds, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), antimicrobial lipids (AMLs), matrix-degrading enzymes, nanoparticles, phagebiotics, surface coatings, photodynamic therapy (PDT), riboswitches, vaccines, and antibodies. The clinical validation of these findings will provide novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for biofilm-associated infections to the medical world.

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Acknowledgements

All the authors are thankful to the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Kolkata, India, for providing the infrastructural facility.

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Author notes

  1. Rashmita Biswas and Bhawana Jangra have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Rashmita Biswas, Ganapathy Ashok, Velayutham Ravichandiran & Utpal Mohan

  2. Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India

    Bhawana Jangra

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Biswas, R., Jangra, B., Ashok, G. et al. Current Strategies for Combating Biofilm-Forming Pathogens in Clinical Healthcare-Associated Infections. Indian J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01221-w

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