Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Laser Clad FeCoCrMoNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The microstructure and wear behavior of laser cladding FeCoCrMoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating on Q235 steel substrate were studied. The coatings consisted of an FCC matrix, σ precipitates, and μ precipitates. With increasing heat treatment temperature, the μ phase precipitated and grew from the interdendritic σ phase, while the tip σ phase also precipitated from the FCC matrix. The number of dual precipitates reached its peak at 850 °C. Further, an increase in heat treatment temperature led to the replacement of the interdendritic σ phase by μ phase. The wear resistance of the coatings was closely related to the microstructural evolution. That is, the strengthening effect of the precipitated phase improved the wear resistance. The wear resistance of the coatings initially decreased and then, increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. At 850 °C, the coating has the best wear resistance due to its lowest wear rate, surface roughness and friction coefficient. The dominant wear mechanism being abrasive wear.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Yeh, S. Chen, S. Lin, J. Gan, T. Chin, T. Shun, C. Tsau, and S. Chang, Nanostructured High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements: Novel Alloy Design concepTs and Outcomes, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2004, 6(5), p 299–303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. D.B. Miracle and O.N. Senkov, A Critical Review of High Entropy Alloys and Related Concepts, Acta Mater., 2017, 122, p 448–511.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.F. Ye, Q. Wang, J. Lu, C.T. Liu, and Y. Yang, High-Entropy Alloy: Challenges and Prospects, Mater. Today, 2016, 19(6), p 349–362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. F. Otto, A. Dlouhý, K.G. Pradeep, M. Kuběnová, D. Raabe, G. Eggeler, and E.P. George, Decomposition of the Single-Phase High-Entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi After Prolonged Anneals at Intermediate Temperatures, Acta Mater., 2016, 112, p 40–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. C.-Y. Hsu, W.-R. Wang, W.-Y. Tang, S.-K. Chen, and J.-W. Yeh, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of New AlCoxCrFeMo0.5Ni High-Entropy Alloys, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2010, 12(1–2), p 44–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. W.H. Liu, J.Y. He, H.L. Huang, H. Wang, Z.P. Lu, and C.T. Liu, Effects of Nb Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys, Intermetallics, 2015, 60, p 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J.M. Park, J. Moon, J.W. Bae, J. Jung, S. Lee, and H.S. Kim, Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment on Microstructural Evolution and Tensile Behavior of Al0.5CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 728, p 251–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Lu, Y. Dong, S. Guo, L. Jiang, H. Kang, T. Wang, B. Wen, Z. Wang, J. Jie, Z. Cao, H. Ruan, and T. Li, A Promising New Class of High-Temperature Alloys: Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys, Sci. Rep., 2014, 4, p 6200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. J.W. Bae, J.M. Park, J. Moon, W.M. Choi, B.-J. Lee, and H.S. Kim, Effect of μ-Precipitates on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Non-Equiatomic CoCrFeNiMo Medium-Entropy Alloys, J. Alloy. Compd., 2019, 781, p 75–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Qin, R. Chen, H. Zheng, H. Fang, L. Wang, Y. Su, J. Guo, and H. Fu, Strengthening FCC-CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloys by Mo Addition, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35(4), p 578–583.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Jin, Z. Cai, Y. Guan, X. Cui, Z. Liu, Y. Li, M. Dong, and D. Zhang, High Temperature Wear Performance of Laser-Cladded FeNiCoAlCu High-Entropy Alloy Coating, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 445, p 113–122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. B. Jin, N. Zhang, H. Yu, D. Hao, and Y. Ma, AlxCoCrFeNiSi High Entropy Alloy Coatings with High Microhardness and Improved Wear Resistance, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2020, 402, p 126328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Sun, S. Dai, D. Zhang, W. Si, B. Jiang, D. Shu, L. Wu, C. Zhang, M. Zhang, and X. Xiong, Friction and Wear Properties of CoCrFeNiMnSnx High Entropy Alloy Coatings Prepared via Laser Cladding, Metals, 2022, 12(7), p 1230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Q. Ye, K. Feng, Z. Li, F. Lu, R. Li, J. Huang, and Y. Wu, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of CrMnFeCoNi High Entropy Alloy Coating, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017, 396, p 1420–1426.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. W.-R. Wang, W. Qi, X.-L. Zhang, X. Yang, L. Xie, D.-Y. Li, and Y.-H. Xiang, Superior Corrosion Resistance-Dependent Laser Energy Density in (CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 High Entropy Alloy Coating Fabricated by Laser Cladding, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2021, 28(5), p 888–897.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C.M. Liu, H.M. Wang, S.Q. Zhang, H.B. Tang, and A.L. Zhang, Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of New Refractory High Entropy Alloys, J. Alloy. Compd., 2014, 583, p 162–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. X. Zhang, N. Zhang, B. Xing, C. Deng, and C. Wang, Oxidation Behavior of AlCoCrFeNiSix High Entropy Alloy Bond Coatings Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spray, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2023, 462, p 126489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. D. Miracle, J. Miller, O. Senkov, C. Woodward, M. Uchic, and J. Tiley, Exploration and Development of High Entropy Alloys for Structural Applications, Entropy, 2014, 16(1), p 494–525.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. W.-R. Wang, W.-L. Wang, S.-C. Wang, Y.-C. Tsai, C.-H. Lai, and J.-W. Yeh, Effects of Al Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of AlxCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys, Intermetallics, 2012, 26, p 44–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. K. Xiang, L.-Y. Chen, L. Chai, N. Guo, and H. Wang, Microstructural Characteristics and Properties of CoCrFeNiNbx High-Entropy Alloy Coatings on Pure Titanium Substrate by Pulsed Laser Cladding, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2020, 517, p 146216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Xiao, Y. Liu, K. Wang, Z. Wang, T. Hu, T. Fan, L. Ma, and P. Tang, Effects of Mn Content on Mechanical Properties of FeCoCrNiMnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) High-Entropy Alloys: A First-Principles Study, Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 34(4), p 455–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Verma, P. Tarate, A.C. Abhyankar, M.R. Mohape, D.S. Gowtam, V.P. Deshmukh, and T. Shanmugasundaram, High Temperature Wear in CoCrFeNiCux High Entropy Alloys: The Role of Cu, Scripta Mater., 2019, 161, p 28–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M.G. Poletti, G. Fiore, F. Gili, D. Mangherini, and L. Battezzati, Development of a New High Entropy Alloy for Wear Resistance: FeCoCrNiW0.3 and FeCoCrNiW0.3+ 5 at.% of C, Mater. Design, 2017, 115, p 247–254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Cheng, W. Chen, X. Liu, Q. Tang, Y. Xie, and P. Dai, Effect of Ti and C Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the FeCoCrNiMn High-Entropy Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 719, p 192–198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Z. Tong, X. Ren, J. Jiao, W. Zhou, Y. Ren, Y. Ye, E.A. Larson, and J. Gu, Laser Additive Manufacturing of FeCrCoMnNi High-Entropy Alloy: Effect of heat Treatment on Microstructure, Residual Stress and Mechanical Property, J. Alloy. Compd., 2019, 785, p 1144–1159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. W.H. Liu, Z.P. Lu, J.Y. He, J.H. Luan, Z.J. Wang, B. Liu, Y. Liu, M.W. Chen, and C.T. Liu, Ductile CoCrFeNiMox High Entropy Alloys Strengthened by Hard Intermetallic Phases, Acta Mater., 2016, 116, p 332–342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S.-Y. Su, Y.-T. Fan, Y.-J. Su, C.-W. Huang, M.-H. Tsai, and M.-Y. Lu, Lattice Distortion and Atomic Ordering of the Sigma Precipitates in CoCrFeNiMo High-Entropy Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2021, 851, p 156909.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. X.-L. Shang, Z.-J. Wang, Q.-F. Wu, J.-C. Wang, J.-J. Li, and J.-K. Yu, Effect of Mo Addition on Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys CoCrFeNiMox in Aqueous Environments, Acta Metall. Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 32(1), p 41–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Q. Wang, A. Amar, C. Jiang, H. Luan, S. Zhao, H. Zhang, G. Le, X. Liu, X. Wang, X. Yang, and J. Li, CoCrFeNiMo0.2 High Entropy Alloy by Laser Melting Deposition: Prospective Material for Low Temperature and Corrosion Resistant Applications, Intermetallics, 2020, 119, p 106727.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. T.-T. Shun, L.-Y. Chang, and M.-H. Shiu, Age-Hardening of the CoCrFeNiMo08.5 High-Entropy Alloy, Mater Charact, 2013, 81, p 92–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. T.-T. Shun, L.-Y. Chang, and M.-H. Shiu, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiprincipal Component CoCrFeNiMox Alloys, Mater Charact, 2012, 70, p 63–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. N. Malatji, T. Lengopeng, S. Pityana, and A.P.I. Popoola, Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Microhardness, and Wear Characteristics of AlCrFeCuNi High-Entropy Alloy, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2020, 111(7–8), p 2021–2029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. H. Liu, J. Liu, X. Li, P. Chen, H. Yang, and J. Hao, Effect of Heat Treatment on Phase Stability and Wear Behavior of Laser Clad AlCoCrFeNiTi0.8 High-Entropy Alloy Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2020, 392, p 125758.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Wang, B. Zhang, Y. Yu, Z. Zhang, S. Zhu, X. Lou, and Z. Wang, Study of High Temperature Friction and Wear Performance of (CoCrFeMnNi)85Ti15 High-Entropy Alloy Coating Prepared by Plasma Cladding, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2020, 384, p 125337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. X. Wu, B. Wang, C. Rehm, H. He, M. Naeem, S. Lan, Z. Wu, and X.-L. Wang, Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study on Temperature-Dependent Precipitate Evolution in CoCrFeNiMo0.3 High Entropy Alloy, Acta Mater., 2022, 222, p 1359–6454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. L. Chen, K. Bobzin, Z. Zhou, L. Zhao, M. Öte, T. Königstein, Z. Tan, and D. He, Wear Behavior of HVOF-Sprayed Al0.6TiCrFeCoNi High Entropy Alloy Coatings at Different Temperatures, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2019, 358, p 215–222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Zhang, B. Han, M. Li, Q. Zhang, C. Hu, C. Jia, Y. Li, and Y. Wang, Microstructure and High Temperature Erosion Behavior of Laser Cladded CoCrFeNiSi High Entropy Alloy Coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2021, 417, p 127218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Wang, Z. Gao, M. Wu, F. Weng, T. Liu, and X. Zhan, Influence of Specific Energy on Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladded FeCoCrNi High Entropy Alloy, Metals, 2020, 10(11), p 1464.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Q. Wu, Z. Wang, F. He, J. Li, and J. Wang, Revealing the Selection of σ and μ Phases in CoCrFeNiMox High Entropy Alloys by CALPHAD, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus., 2018, 39(4), p 446–453.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Z.U. Arif, M.Y. Khalid, and E. Rehman ur, S. Ullah, M. Atif, A. Tariq, A Review on Laser CLADDING of high-Entropy Alloys, Their Recent Trends and Potential Applications, J. Manuf. Process., 2021, 68, p 225–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. C.-Y. Hsu, T.-S. Sheu, J.-W. Yeh, and S.-K. Chen, Effect of Iron Content on Wear Behavior of AlCoCrFexMo0.5Ni High-Entropy Alloys, Wear, 2010, 268(5–6), p 653–659.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. H.X. Zhang, J.J. Dai, C.X. Sun, and S.Y. Li, Microstructure and Wear Resistance of TiAlNiSiV High-Entropy Laser Cladding Coating on Ti-6Al-4V, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2020, 282, p 116671.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. H. Zhang, J. Miao, C. Wang, T. Li, L. Zou, and Y. Lu, Significant Improvement in Wear Resistance of CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy via Boron Doping, Lubricants, 2023, 11(9), p 386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Miao, H. Liang, A. Zhang, J. He, J. Meng, and Y. Lu, Tribological Behavior of an AlCoCrFeNi2.1 Eutectic High Entropy Alloy Sliding Against Different Counterfaces, Tribol. Int., 2021, 153, p 106555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. D. Luo, Q. Zhou, Z. Huang, Y. Li, Y. Liu, Q. Li, Y. He, and H. Wang, Tribological Behavior of High Entropy Alloy Coatings: A Review, Coatings, 2022, 12(10), p 1428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. K. Lu, J. Zhu, D. Guo, M. Yang, H. Sun, Z. Wang, X. Hui, and Y. Wu, Microstructures Corrosion Resistance and Wear Resistance of High-Entropy Alloys Coatings with Various Compositions Prepared by Laser Cladding: A Review, Coatings, 2022, 12(7), p 1023.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. J. Miao, M. Wang, A. Zhang, Y. Lu, T. Wang, and T. Li, Tribological Properties and Wear Mechanism of AlCr1.3 TiNi2 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy at Elevated Temperature, Acta Metall. Sin., 2023, 59(2), p 267–276.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Scientific Research Funding Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province [LJKMZ20220463], Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province [2022-MS-272].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, Liaoning, China

    Mingtao Ma, Sainan Nie, Huishu Yu, Guoxuan Huang, Xin Wang & Nannan Zhang

Authors
  1. Mingtao Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sainan Nie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huishu Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guoxuan Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Nannan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xin Wang or Nannan Zhang.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ma, M., Nie, S., Yu, H. et al. Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Laser Clad FeCoCrMoNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09434-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09434-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation