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Study on the flow pattern and evolution process of an effervescent atomizer

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Abstract

A high-speed backlight system was adopted to investigate the evolution process of the inside-out-gas (IOG) effervescent atomizer and subsequent influence on spray morphology. The results show that bubble flow and annular flow are the most obvious flow patterns when the liquid flow rate is 20 g/s. During the transition from bubble to annular flow, slug flow occurred at gas–liquid mass ratio (GLR) of 3.2%. The annular flow was observed when the GLR further increased to 6.4%. In particular, when the mixing chamber is in a large bubble flow, an annular flow can still be formed at the orifice for the small exit diameter. For the annular flow, a relatively stable spray cone angle was observed. On the contrary, the slug flow has a greater oscillation for the spray cone angle. It was found that bubble flow in the orifice has little effect on atomization effect. For the spray cone angle, the oscillation in the slug flow is larger. Furthermore, the effects of GLR and liquid injection pressure drop are carefully considered in the empirical formula fitting compared to the widely used empirical formula. The empirical formula of the discharge coefficient of the effervescent atomizer is fitted, which provides fast data support for engineering applications.

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Abbreviations

IOG:

Inside-out-gas

GLR:

Gas–liquid mass ratio

OIG:

Outside-in-gas

SLM:

Liter per minute

FS:

Full-scale

\({\dot{\text{m}}}_{{\text{l}}}\) :

Liquid flow rate

C d :

The discharge coefficient

A 0 :

The area of orifice outlet

\(\uprho _{{\text{l}}}\) :

Liquid density

\(\Delta {\text{P}}\) :

Pressure difference between mixing chamber and orifice

β :

The average gas rate on a certain cross-section in the two-phase flow channel

c :

A constant related to the liquid physical properties and the structural characteristics of the atomizer

R 2 :

The value of correlation factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere thanks for the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12002138), Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory Project of China (WDZC614270302207), Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Higher Education (23KJB470008), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20230666) and Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology (TJ-2022-057).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Chen Chen, Xiaofan Gong, Shenghao Yu & Bifeng Yin

  2. School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xian City, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China

    Xiujie He

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Correspondence to Bifeng Yin.

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Chen, C., Gong, X., Yu, S. et al. Study on the flow pattern and evolution process of an effervescent atomizer. Sādhanā 49, 140 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-024-02475-2

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