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A novel underwater weak target detection method based on 3D chaotic system and maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform

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Abstract

Based on three-dimensional (3D) chaotic system, combined with maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT), a novel underwater weak target detection method is proposed. This research focuses on the problem that the current detection systems are difficult to achieve weak target detection and frequency extraction under ultra-low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we propose a new 3D non-autonomous chaotic system with complex attractors, and introduce a cosine function to achieve chaos control and enhancement. Its nonlinear properties have been detailed analyzed, such as Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation and entropy. Then, combined the idea of scale transformation and geometric sequence, a target detection array covering all frequencies is constructed. The detection array can achieve resonate with the external signal through the built-in cosine term, thereby turning the attractor into a periodic or intermittent chaotic state. The existence of the target can be determined by observing the attractor state. Considering the relationship between the generation of intermittent chaos and the target frequency, we design a novel frequency extraction method based on MODWT and Hilbert transform. This method can realize the noise reduction and envelope analysis of intermittent chaotic signal to estimate the real target frequency accurately. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed detection system can detect weak ship signals and extract their frequency information in complex ocean background. The detection SNR can reach – 43.4 dB, and the frequency extraction error is less than 0.2\(\%\). Importantly, the analog circuit of the detection system has been implemented to verify its realizability.

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Data will be made available on request.

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Acknowledgements

All the authors contributed to the ideas, experiments, and writing of this study. The whole idea of this study was proposed by Yaan Li. The preliminary work, experimental simulation and data integration were completed by Yupeng Shen and Weijia Li. The first draft was written by Yupeng Shen. Yaan Li, Hanlin Gao and Chenglong Wu reviewed and revised the paper later. At the same time, thanks to the National Park Service for providing ocean data.

Funding

The National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology, Key Laboratory Fund (Grant No. 2022-JCJQ-LB-066).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Beilin, Xi’an, 710000, Shaanxi, China

    Yupeng Shen, Yaan Li, Weijia Li, Hanlin Gao & Chenglong Wu

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  1. Yupeng Shen
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Correspondence to Yaan Li.

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Shen, Y., Li, Y., Li, W. et al. A novel underwater weak target detection method based on 3D chaotic system and maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 139, 325 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05135-w

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