Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Antibacterial Synergy: Assessing the Impact of Nano Zirconium Oxide Particles in Combination with Selected Antibiotics on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

  • ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Research for novel compounds that may block bacterial development has continued and prompted by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The expenses of community for health care as a result of antibiotic resistance has indeed been remarkable during the last decades and demand immediate of medical attention. Consequently, this research presents the antibacterial effect of genuine metal oxide nanoparticles against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae that have been isolated from urinary tract infection patients. This is because metal oxide nanomaterials have already been utilised a compromise with some of its comprehensive implementations throughout the pharmaceutical and biological disciplines of nano-biotechnology. The biological activity of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles against bacteria is investigated using agar well diffusion approach. The antibacterial efficiency of nanoparticles on E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using both qualitative and quantitative assessment approaches is appraised. Specifically, an aseptic technique is used to collect fifty urine samples into sterile tubes. To inoculate the patients' midstream urine on both blood agar and MacConkey agar plates, the direct streaking approach is employed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X–Ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are used to signify the physical features nanoparticle including shape and size. The identified cubic components of SEM and XRD techniques indicate the existence of ZrO2 nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles of particle size ranges between 5 to 50 nm. According to the data, ZrO2 nanoparticles have a bacteriostatic effect at 0.1 mg/ml with an absorption of 0.2 and a bactericidal effect at 2 mg/ml with an absorption of 0.007 on E. col isolates. Additionally, ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibit bacteriostatic (at 0.1 mg/ml with absorption of 0.3) and bactericidal (at 2 mg/ml with absorption of 0.001) effects on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Among all the antibiotics utilised, gentamicin shows the lowest rate of resistance, suggesting that it is more effective against E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae when ZrO2 is presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mouhammed K, Gdoura R (2023) Study of the genomic characterization of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia Coli isolated from Iraqi patients with urinary tract infections. Indian J Microbiol, pp1–10.

  2. Barišić Z, Babić-Erceg A, Borzić E, Zoranić V, Kaliterna V, Carev M (2003) Urinary tract infections in South Croatia: aetiology and antimicrobial resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents 22:61–64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gonzalez CM, Schaeffer AJ (1999) Treatment of urinary tract infection: what’s old, what’s new, and what works. World J Urol 17:372–382

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Stamm WE, Hooton TM (1993) Management of urinary tract infections in adults. N Engl J Med 329:1328–1334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Wilson ML, Gaido L (2004) Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in adult patients. Clin Infect Dis 38:1150–1158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sefton AM (2000) The impact of resistance on the management of urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 16:489–491

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bonadio M, Meini M, Spitaleri P, Gigli C (2001) Current microbiological and clinical aspects of urinary tract infections. Eur Urol 40:439–445

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wayne, P.A., 2002. National committee for clinical laboratory standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial disc susceptibility testing, 12, pp 01–53

  9. Crude N, Tveten Y, Kristiansen BE (2001) Urinary tract infections in Norway: bacterial etiology and susceptibility. A retrospective study of clinical isolates. Clin Microbiolo Infect 7:543–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kripke C (2005) Duration of therapy for women with uncomplicated UTI. Am Fam Phys 72:2219

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sundqvist M, Kahlmeter G (2009) ‘Pre-emptive culturing’will improve the chance of ‘getting it right’when empirical therapy of urinary tract infections fails. J Antimicrob Chemother 64:227–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Farajnia S, Alikhani MY, Ghotaslou R, Naghili B, Nakhlband A (2009) Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran. Int J Infect Dis 13:140–144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Atallah W, AlFuraiji N, Hussein OH (2023) Nanocomposites for prosthetic dental technology: a systemic review. J Tech 5:129–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sudha PN, Sangeetha K, Vijayalakshmi K, Barhoum A (2018) Nanomaterials history, classification, unique properties, production and market. In: Emerging applications of nanoparticles and architecture nanostructures. Elsevier, pp 341–384

  15. Rajab MA, Yahiya MM, Hameed NA, Al-Obaidi MA, Al-Arkawazi RR (2024) Wear resistance of fiber-reinforced nanoparticle hybrid mixture. Int J Nanoelectron Mater (IJNeaM) 17:6–11

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gordon T, Perlstein B, Houbara O, Felner I, Banin E, Margel S (2011) Synthesis and characterization of zinc/iron oxide composite nanoparticles and their antibacterial properties. Colloids Surf, A 374:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Buvaneswari K, Revathy R (2018) Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its antimicrobial activities. J Nanosci Technol, pp 450–451

  18. Hu C, Sun J, Long C, Wu L, Zhou C, Zhang X (2019) Synthesis of nano zirconium oxide and its application in dentistry. Nanotechnol Rev 8:396–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bansal V, Rautaray D, Ahmad A, Sastry M (2004) Biosynthesis of zirconia nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. J Mater Chem 14:3303–3305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bottino A, Capannelli G, Comite A (2002) Preparation and characterization of novel porous PVDF-ZrO2 composite membranes. Desalination 146:35–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Anu Priya G (2020) Evaluation of anti-bacterial efficacy of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study (Doctoral dissertation, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai)

  22. Tran TV, Nguyen DTC, Kumar PS, Din ATM, Jalil AA, Vo DVN (2022) Green synthesis of ZrO 2 nanoparticles and nanocomposites for biomedical and environmental applications: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20:1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Precious Ayanwale A, Reyes-López SY (2019) ZrO2–ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial agents. ACS Omega 4:19216–19224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Gupta PK, Chauhan D, Khan ZH, Solanki PR (2020) ZrO2 nanoflowers decorated with graphene quantum dots for electrochemical immunosensing. ACS Appl Nano Mater 3:2506–2516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sundaram R, Ramasamy G (2012) The inhibitory effect of metal oxide nanoparticles against poultry pathogens. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res 4:157–159

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jangra SL, Stalin K, Dilbaghi N, Kumar S, Tawale J, Singh SP, Pasricha R (2012) Antimicrobial activity of zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles and zirconium complexes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 12:7105–7112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Aziz SN, Al-Sallami KJ, Abd SY, Al-Musawi AMA, Mohammed MA, Abed AMH, Mohammed SQ (2019) Improving the antibacterial activity by the combination of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2) and ceftazidime against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Global J Public Health Med 1:16–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ayanwale AP, Ruíz-Baltazar ADJ, Espinoza-Cristobal L, Reyes-Lopez SY (2020) Bactericidal activity study of ZrO2-Ag2O nanoparticles. Dose-Response 18:1559325820941374

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Tabassum N, Kumar D, Verma D, Bohara RA, Singh MP (2021) Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles from antibacterial activity to cytotoxicity: a next-generation of multifunctional nanoparticles. Mater Today Commun 26:102156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kebira AN, Ochola P, Khamadi S (2009) Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections. J Appl Biosci 22:1320–1325

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bashir M, Ashraf A, Imtiaz M, Riaz S, Naseem S (2013) Synthesis and characterization of ZrO2-ZnO nanoparticles. In: Proc. world congress on advances in nano, biomechanics, robotics and energy research (ANBRE)

  32. Benson HJ (2002) Microbiological applications: a laboratory manual in general microbiology. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  33. Huang K, Ma H, Liu J, Huo S, Kumar A, Wei T, Zhang X, Jin S, Gan Y, Wang PC, He S (2012) Size-dependent localization and penetration of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in cancer cells, multicellular spheroids, and tumors in vivo. ACS Nano 6:4483–4493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Hilt EE, McKinley K, Pearce MM, Rosenfeld AB, Zilliox MJ, Mueller ER, Brubaker L, Gai X, Wolfe AJ, Schreckenberger PC (2014) Urine is not sterile: use of enhanced urine culture techniques to detect resident bacterial flora in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol 52:871–876

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Tessema B, Kassu A, Mulu A, Yismaw G (2007) Pridominant isolates of urinary tract pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptiblity patterns in Gondar University Teaching Hospital, nothwest Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 45:61–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sloan M, Farnsworth S (2006) Testing and eevaluation of nanoparticle efficacy on E. Coli, and Bacillus anthracis Spores. NSTI-Nanotech 1:595–598

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Khan F, Siddiqui N, Sultan A, Rizvi M, Shukla I, Khan HM (2016) Seasonal variation in Klebsiella pneumoniae blood stream infection: a five year study. Clin Microbiol 5:247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sepideh S, Bahri KZ, Reza PM, Reza SH, Massoud A, Roya B, Esmail NZ, Reza SA (2011) Preparation of ciprofloxacin-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antibacterial effects against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Arzneimittelforschung 61:472–476. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1296229. (PMID: 21950151)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technical Institute of Baquba, Middle Technical University, Baquba, 32001, Iraq

    Fatima Amer Abd Algabar, Dhea Sadi Ahmed, Lamiaa Saoud Abbod & Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi

  2. Technical Instructor Training Institute, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10074, Iraq

    Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi

Authors
  1. Fatima Amer Abd Algabar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dhea Sadi Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lamiaa Saoud Abbod
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Algabar, F.A.A., Ahmed, D.S., Abbod, L.S. et al. Antibacterial Synergy: Assessing the Impact of Nano Zirconium Oxide Particles in Combination with Selected Antibiotics on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01271-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01271-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation