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Recent Progress in Folic Acid Detection Based on Fluorescent Carbon Dots as Sensors: A Review

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Abstract

Folic acid (FA) is a water-soluble vitamin found in diverse natural sources and is crucial for preserving human health. The risk of health issues due to FA deficiency underscores the need for a straightforward and sensitive FA detection methodology. Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant attention owing to their exceptional fluorescence performance, biocompatibility, and easy accessibility. Consequently, numerous research studies have concentrated on developing advanced CD fluorescent probes to enable swift and precise FA detection. Despite these efforts, there is still a requirement for a thorough overview of the efficient synthesis of CDs and their practical applications in FA detection to further promote the widespread use of CDs. This review paper focuses on the practical applications of CD sensors for FA detection. It begins with an in-depth introduction to FA and CDs. Following that, based on various synthetic approaches, the prepared CDs are classified into diverse detection methods, such as single sensing, visual detection, and electrochemical methods. Furthermore, persistent challenges and potential avenues are highlighted for future research to provide valuable insights into crafting effective CDs and detecting FA.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

FA:

Folic acid

CDs:

Carbon dots

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

MOF:

Metal organic framework

QD:

Quantum dot

CNPs:

Carbon nanoparticles

LOD:

Limit of detection

CQD:

Carbon quantum dot

PL:

Photoluminescence

FRET:

Through förster resonance energy transfer

NCDs:

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots

PL:

Photoluminescence

QY:

Quantum yield

GQDs:

Graphene quantum dots

QCE:

Quantum confinement effect

DFT:

Density functional theory

PET:

Photo-induced electron transfer

UCPL:

Up-conversion photoluminescence

N-CDs:

Nitrogen doped carbon dots

FL:

Fluorescence

OP-CQDs:

Orange peel carbon quantum dots

SERS:

Surface-enhanced raman scattering

AAS:

Atomic absorption spectroscopy

DMF:

Dimethyl formamide

TNT:

1,3,6-trinitropyrene

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Acknowledgements

I extend special thanks to the University of Sulaimani and Charmo University for all of their cooperation. K.F.K.

Funding

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan Street,, Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan Region, 46002, Iraq

    Kawan F. Kayani, Mohammed K Rahim, Harez Rashid Ahmed & Muhammad S. Mustafa

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal/Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, 46023, Iraq

    Kawan F. Kayani

  3. Department of Pharmacy, Kurdistan Technical Institute, Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq

    Kawan F. Kayani

  4. Anesthesia department, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq

    Sewara J. Mohammed

  5. Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq

    Sewara J. Mohammed & Shujahadeen B. Aziz

  6. College of Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq

    Harez Rashid Ahmed

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Contributions

K.F.K.: Conceptualization, investigation, and writing (original draft). M.K.R.: Investigation and writing (original draft). S.J.M.: Revised the manuscript. H.A.R.: Revised the manuscript. M.S.M.: Revised the manuscript. S.B.A.: Supervision, and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kawan F. Kayani.

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Kayani, K.F., Rahim, M.K., Mohammed, S.J. et al. Recent Progress in Folic Acid Detection Based on Fluorescent Carbon Dots as Sensors: A Review. J Fluoresc (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-024-03728-3

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