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Enhanced Time Slotted LoRaWAN for Node Mobility: A Joint Selection of Data Rate, Time Slot and Channel

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Abstract

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) offers a wide range communication with low power consumption at the cost of low throughput. Although this technology is well suited to IoT applications, it faces scalability and reliability limitations because it is based on the Aloha random access protocol on one hand and on random choice of a channel and a spreading factor (SF) on the other hand. LoRaWAN recommends the use of Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) mechanism to optimize the global network utilization by adjusting the node’s configuration (Spreading Factor, Transmission Power, Data rate, etc.). However, ADR is defined for fixed nodes and doesn’t handle the node’s mobility. We proposed in previous work, an enhanced ADR mechanism (E-ADR) that takes into account the movement of the device and its position to define the optimal data rate to use. Despite the performance improvement of LoRaWAN thanks to E-ADR, collisions are happened due to simultaneous transmissions with the same configuration (channel, SF). A best practice to reduce collisions and improve performance in mobile networks is the use of time slotted communication. Several research papers proposed time slotted schemes for LoRaWAN, however none of them considered the case of mobile nodes. Therefore, in this work, we propose ETS-LoRaWAN (Enhanced Time Slotted LoRaWAN), a dynamic collision free time slotted approach to determine respectively the best SF according to the node’s position, the time slot, and the channel to use. Our experimental results show performance improvement of ETS-LoRaWAN compared to Aloha LoRaWAN by reducing the Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and the energy consumption.

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Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Norhane Benkahla, Ye-Qiong Song and Mounir Frikha contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Carthage, SUP’COM, Mediatron, Ariana, Tunisia

    Hajer Tounsi & Norhane Benkahla

  2. Université de Lorraine, LORIA, Nancy, France

    Norhane Benkahla, Ye-Qiong Song & Mounir Frikha

  3. King Faisal University (KFU), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Hajer Tounsi, Norhane Benkahla, Ye-Qiong Song & Mounir Frikha

Authors
  1. Hajer Tounsi
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  2. Norhane Benkahla
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  4. Mounir Frikha
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Contributions

All authors, HT, NBK, Y-QS and MF, contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by HT and NBK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HT and NBK and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hajer Tounsi.

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Tounsi, H., Benkahla, N., Song, YQ. et al. Enhanced Time Slotted LoRaWAN for Node Mobility: A Joint Selection of Data Rate, Time Slot and Channel. Wireless Pers Commun 134, 2137–2157 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11004-7

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