Abstract
The Precambrian terranes of the Eastern Indian Shield (EIS) comprise the Bundelkhand, Singhbhum, and Bastar cratons with intervening Proterozoic mobile belts such as Central Indian Tectonic Zone, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, Singhbhum Mobile Belt and Chotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex; and the Proterozoic Mahanadi Rift, Chhattisgarh and Vindhyan Basins, with significant coverage of Indo-Gangetic Plain sediments in the northern part. This study presents the results of a seismically well-constrained 2-D multi-scale potential field modelling to delineate the lithosphere structure across different Precambrian terranes of the EIS. The joint interpretation of the potential field data reveals that (i) the mobile belts are bounded by the deep crustal faults with denser crust, (ii) presence of thick underplated crust below Singhbhum Craton, Singhbhum Mobile Belt, Chotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex and the surrounding rift basin, (iii) localised Moho upwarp at a depth of ~ 36–37 km below the Proterozoic basins, and (iv) the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) varying between 90 and 200 km below the EIS region. The distinct crustal structure and deeper LAB (130–200 km) below the mobile belts suggest the Proterozoic amalgamation and lithosphere reworking. Below the Singhbhum Craton, the LAB is observed at a depth of ~ 145–155 km, which is comparatively thinner than other cratonic areas elsewhere. The observed crustal underplating and the thinner LAB below the Singhbhum Craton indicate that the lithospheric erosion and magmatic upwelling was caused by the major Paleo-Mesoproterozoic and Early-Cretaceous large igneous province events.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Key data used in this paper are available from open-access repositories, and the details of these data sources are given below:
Topography-(https://portal.opentopography.org/datasetMetadata?otCollectionID=OT. 122,019.4326.1), Magnetic-WDMAM (http://wdmam.org/) and EMAG2 (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag), Global geoid and gravity field models of earth from EGM2008 (https://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/gravitymod/egm2008/), Gravity-Gravity data used in this study are restricted type and authors do not have rights to share this data. Seismic and seismological data used in this paper are from published work.
References
Abate Essi JM, Marcel J, Diab DA et al (2020) Gravity modeling of the Au–U mineralized crust at the north-central cameroon illustrating crustal permeability. Nat Resour Res 29:473–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09506-4
Acharyya SK, Gupta A, Orihashi Y (2010) New U-Pb zircon ages from paleo-mesoarchean TTG gneisses of the singhbhum craton, eastern india. Geochem J 44:81–88. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.1.0046
Afonso JC, Fernàndez M, Ranalli G et al (2008) Integrated geophysical-petrological modeling of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle: methodology and applications. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 9:193. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001834
Arasada RC, Srinivasa Rao G, Anand R (2022) Crustal architecture of north singhbhum mobile belt, eastern indian shield: constraints from two-dimensional and three-dimensional modelling of bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data. Geol J 57:2668–2685. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4434
Artemieva IM (2009) The continental lithosphere: reconciling thermal, seismic, and petrologic data. Lithos 109:23–46
Artemieva IM, Mooney WD (2001) Thermal thickness and evolution of precambrian lithosphere: a global study. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 106:16387–16414
Baksi AK (2022) Geochemistry and geochronology of the rajmahal flood basalt province, northeastern india: genetic links to kerguelen hotspot activity. J Earth Syst Sci 131:157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01855-8
Bank C-G, Bostock MG, Ellis RM et al (1998) Lithospheric mantle structure beneath the trans-hudson orogen and the origin of diamondiferous kimberlites. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 103:10103–10114. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB03746
Barton PJ (1986) The relationship between seismic velocity and density in the continental crust—a useful constraint? Geophys J Int 87:195–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04553.x
Basu P, Chakrabarti R (2020) Origin and evolution of the vindhyan basin: a geochemical perspective. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad 86:16. https://doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2020/49808
Behera L, Sarkar D (2011) Tomographic imaging of large volcanic province due to intense magmatism in the mahanadi delta of eastern India. Phys Earth Planet Inter 189:142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2011.08.005
Behera L, Sain K, Reddy PR (2004) Evidence of underplating from seismic and gravity studies in the mahanadi delta of eastern India and its tectonic significance. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 109:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002764
Bhattacharya HN, Nelson DR, Thern ER, Altermann W (2015) Petrogenesis and geochronology of the arkasani granophyre and felsic dalma volcanic rocks: implications for the evolution of the proterozoic north singhbhum mobile belt, east India. Geol Mag 152:492–503. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756814000442
Bhowmik SK (2019) The current status of orogenesis in the central indian tectonic zone: a view from its southern margin. Geol J 54:2912–2934. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3456
Bickford ME, Basu A, Patranabis-Deb S et al (2011) Depositional history of the chhattisgarh basin, central india: constraints from new SHRIMP zircon ages. J Geol 119:33–50. https://doi.org/10.1086/657300
Boyd FR, Gurney JJ, Richardson SH (1985) Evidence for a 150–200-km thick archaean lithosphere from diamond inclusion thermobarometry. Nature 315:387–389. https://doi.org/10.1038/315387a0
Chalapathi Rao NV, Srivastava RK, Sinha AK, Ravikant V (2014) Petrogenesis of kerguelen mantle plume-linked early cretaceous ultrapotassic intrusive rocks from the gondwana sedimentary basins, damodar valley, eastern India. Earth-Sci Rev 136:96–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.05.012
Chaudhuri T (2020) A review of hadean to neoarchean crust generation in the singhbhum craton, india and possible connection with pilbara craton, australia: the geochronological perspective. Earth-Sci Rev 202:103085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103085
Chaudhuri T, Wan Y, Mazumder R et al (2018) Evidence of enriched, hadean mantle reservoir from ga zircon xenocrysts from 4.2-4.0 paleoarchean TTGs of the singhbhum craton. Eastern India. Sci Rep 8:7069. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25494-6
Collins AS, Clark C, Plavsa D (2014) Peninsular india in gondwana: the tectonothermal evolution of the southern granulite terrain and its gondwanan counterparts. Gondwana Res 25:190–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.01.002
Dasgupta S, Narula PL, Acharyya SK, Banerjee J (2000) Seismotectonic atlas of India and its environs. Geological Survey of India
Dasgupta S, Bose S, Das K (2013) Tectonic evolution of the eastern ghats belt, India. Precambrian Res 227:247–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.04.005
Deshmukh T, Prabhakar N (2020) Linking collision, slab break-off and subduction polarity reversal in the evolution of the central indian tectonic zone. Geol Mag 157:340–350. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819001419
Gilleaudeau GJ, Sahoo SK, Kah LC et al (2018) Proterozoic carbonates of the vindhyan basin, india: chemostratigraphy and diagenesis. Gondwana Res 57:10–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2018.01.003
Giri Y, Radhakrishna M, Betts PG et al (2022) Crustal architecture of the eastern ghats mobile belt and tectonic implications: constraints from aeromagnetic, gravity and geological data. Tectonophysics 835:229386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229386
GMSI (2006) Gravity map series of India, scale 1: 2000, 000. NGRI Publication Hyderabad, India
Gokul VS, Sreejith KM, Srinivasa Rao G et al (2022) Crustal and upper mantle density structure below the indian ocean geoid low based on 3-D constrained potential field modelling: Inferences on causative sources. Tectonophysics 822:229161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229161
Griffin WL, O’Reilly SY, Abe N et al (2003) The origin and evolution of archean lithospheric mantle. Precambrian Res 127:19–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(03)00180-3
Gupta S (2012) Strain localization, granulite formation and geodynamic setting of ‘hot orogens’: a case study from the eastern ghats province, India. Geol J 47:334–351. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1328
Hunt CP, Moskowitz BM, Banerjee SK (1995) Magnetic properties of rocks and minerals. Rock Phys Phase Relat Handb Phys Constants 3:189–204
Hyndman RD, Shearer PM (1989) Water in the lower continental crust: modelling magnetotelluric and seismic reflection results*. Geophys J Int 98:343–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb03357.x
Illa B, Reshma KS, Kumar P et al (2021) Pn tomography and anisotropic study of the Indian shield and the adjacent regions. Tectonophysics 813:228932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228932
Jana N, Singh C, Singh A et al (2022) Lithospheric architecture below the eastern ghats mobile belt and adjoining archean cratons: imprints of india-antarctica collision tectonics. Gondwana Res 111:209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.08.009
Jayananda M, Dey S, Aadhiseshan KR (2020) Evolving Early Earth: Insights from Peninsular India. In: Gupta N, Tandon SK (eds) Geodynamics of the indian plate: evolutionary perspectives. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 5–103
Joshi KB, Bhattacharjee J, Rai G et al (2017) The diversification of granitoids and plate tectonic implications at the archaean-proterozoic boundary in the bundelkhand craton, central India. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 449:123–157
Julià J, Jagadeesh S, Rai SS, Owens TJ (2009) Deep crustal structure of the indian shield from joint inversion of P wave receiver functions and rayleigh wave group velocities: implications for precambrian crustal evolution. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 114:B10313. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006261
Kaila KL, Krishna V (1992) Deep seismic sounding studies in india and major discoveries. Curr Sci 62:117–154
Karmalkar NR, Duraiswami RA, Chalapathi Rao NV, Paul DK (2009) Mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic xenoliths and the nature of Indian sub-continental lithosphere. J Geol Soc India 73:657–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-009-0051-7
Kayal JR, Srivastava VK, Kumar P et al (2011) Evaluation of crustal and upper mantle structures using receiver function analysis: ISM broadband observatory data. J Geol Soc India 78:76–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-011-0069-5
Kilaru S, Goud BK, Rao VK (2013) Crustal structure of the western indian shield: model based on regional gravity and magnetic data. Geosci Front 4:717–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2013.02.006
Krishna VG, Kaila KL, Reddy PR (1989) Synthetic seismogram modeling of crustal seismic record sections from the koyna DSS profiles in the western India. Prop Process Earths Low Crust 51:143–157
Kumar S, Raju S, Pathak M, Pandey A (2010) Magnetic susceptibility mapping of felsic magmatic lithounits in the central part of bundelkhand massif, central India. J Geol Soc India 75:539–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-010-0046-4
Kumar P, Ravi Kumar M, Srijayanthi G et al (2013) Imaging the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary of the Indian plate using converted wave techniques. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 118:5307–5319. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50366
Kumar A, Parashuramulu V, Shankar R, Besse J (2017) Evidence for a neoarchean LIP in the singhbhum craton, eastern India: Implications to vaalbara supercontinent. Precambrian Res 292:163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.01.018
Kumar P, Tewari HC, Sreenivas B (2019) Seismic structure of the central indian crust and its implications on the crustal evolution. J Geol Soc India 93:163–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-019-1146-4
Lefort JP, Agarwal BNP (2000) Gravity and geomorphological evidence for a large crustal bulge cutting across brittany (france): a tectonic response to the closure of the bay of biscay. Tectonophysics 323:149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00103-7
Lesur V, Hamoudi M, Choi Y et al (2016) Building the second version of the world digital magnetic anomaly map (WDMAM). Earth Planets Space 68:27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0404-6
Li S-R, Santosh M (2017) Geodynamics of heterogeneous gold mineralization in the north china craton and its relationship to lithospheric destruction. Gondwana Res 50:267–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.05.007
Mahadevan TM (2010) Seismic imaging of indian continental and oceanic crust. J Geol Soc India Online Arch 1 78(76):190–192
Mahato S, Goon S, Bhattacharya A et al (2008) Thermo-tectonic evolution of the north singhbhum mobile Belt (eastern India): a view from the western part of the belt. Precambrian Res 162:102–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.07.015
Mall DM, Rao VK, Reddy PR (1999) Deep sub-crustal features in the bengal basin: seismic signatures for plume activity. Geophys Res Lett 26:2545–2548. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900552
Mandal P (2017) Lithospheric thinning in the eastern Indian craton: evidence for lithospheric delamination below the archean singhbhum craton? Tectonophysics 698:91–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.01.009
Mandal P (2019) Passive source seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle underlying the archean singhbhum craton, eastern India. J Asian Earth Sci 176:300–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.12.020
Mandal P, Biswas K (2016) Teleseismic receiver functions modeling of the eastern Indian craton. Phys Earth Planet Inter 258:1–14
Matte Ph, Mattauer M, Olivet JM, Griot DA (1997) Continental subductions beneath tibet and the himalayan orogeny: a review. Terra Nova 9:264–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1997.tb00026.x
Maurya S, Montagner J-P, Kumar MR et al (2016) Imaging the lithospheric structure beneath the Indian continent. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 121:7450–7468. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB012948
Mazumder R, De S, Ohta T et al (2015) Palaeo-mesoproterozoic sedimentation and tectonics of the singhbhum craton, eastern India, and implications for global and craton-specific geological events. Geol Soc Lond Mem 43:139–149
Meert JG, Pandit MK, Pradhan VR et al (2010) Precambrian crustal evolution of peninsular India: a 3.0 billion year odyssey. J Asian Earth Sci 39:483–515
Meher B, Behera BM, Biswal TK (2020) Dynamic recrystallization mechanisms and vorticity estimation of the terrane boundary shear zone (lakhna shear zone): Implications on dynamics of juxtaposition of the eastern ghats mobile belt with the bastar craton. NW Odisha J Earth Syst Sci 129:124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01393-1
Meyer B, Chulliat A, Saltus R (2017) Derivation and error analysis of the earth magnetic anomaly grid at 2 arc min resolution version 3 (EMAG2v3). Geochem Geophys Geosyst 18:4522–4537. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007280
Miller HG, Singh V (1994) Potential field tilt—a new concept for location of potential field sources. J Appl Geophys 32:213–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-9851(94)90022-1
Mishra DC (2015) Plume and plate tectonics model for formation of some proterozoic basins of india along contemporary mobile belts: mahakoshal—bijawar, vindhyan and cuddapah basins. J Geol Soc India 85:525–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-015-0246-z
Mitra S, Bhattacharya SN, Nath SK (2008) Crustal structure of the western bengal basin from joint analysis of teleseismic receiver functions and rayleigh-wave dispersion. Bull Seismol Soc Am 98:2715–2723. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080141
Mondal MEA, Hussain MF, Ahmad T (2020) Archean granitoids of the bastar craton, central India. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 489:135–155. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP489-2019-311
Mukherjee S, Dey A, Sanyal S, Sengupta P (2019) Proterozoic Crustal Evolution of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex, Jharkhand-Bihar-West Bengal, India: Current Status and Future Prospect. In: Mukherjee S (ed) Tectonics and structural geology: indian context. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 7–54
Mukhopadhyay J, Beukes NJ, Armstrong RA et al (2008) Dating the oldest greenstone in india: A 3.51-Ga precise U-Pb SHRIMP zircon age for dacitic lava of the southern iron ore group. Singhbhum Craton J Geol 116:449–461. https://doi.org/10.1086/590133
Mukhopadhyay J, Crowley Q, Ghosh B et al (2021) Detrital zircon U-Pb LA-ICPMS ages from the kolhan group, singhbhum craton, eastern India: Implications for terminal mesoproterozoic palaeogeography between columbia and rodinia along the central indian tectonic zone. Geol J 56:60–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3931
Nabakumar K, Kumar S (2018) Delineation of basement configuration of chambal and son valleys in vindhyan basin. Geohorizons
Nance RD, Murphy JB, Santosh M (2014) The supercontinent cycle: a retrospective essay. Gondwana Res 25:4–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.026
Olierook HKH, Clark C, Reddy SM et al (2019) Evolution of the singhbhum craton and supracrustal provinces from age, isotopic and chemical constraints. Earth-Sci Rev 193:237–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.020
Pandey OP, Agrawal PK (1999) Lithospheric mantle deformation beneath the Indian cratons. J Geol 107:683–692
Pandey A, Rao NVC (2020) Supercontinent transition as a trigger for ~1.1 Gyr diamondiferous kimberlites and related magmatism in India. Lithos 370(371):105620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105620
Polat A (2012) Growth of archean continental crust in oceanic island arcs. Geology 40:383–384. https://doi.org/10.1130/focus042012.1
Polet J, Anderson DL (1995) Depth extent of cratons as inferred from tomographic studies. Geology 23:205–208
Rai SS, Vijay Kumar T, Jagadeesh S (2005) Seismic evidence for significant crustal thickening beneath Jabalpur earthquake, 21 may 1997, source region in narmada-son lineament, central India. Geophys Res Lett 32:L22306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023580
Rajasekhar RP, Mishra DC (2008) Crustal structure of bengal basin and shillong plateau: extension of eastern ghat and satpura mobile belts to himalayan fronts and seismotectonics. Gondwana Res 14:523–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.10.009
Rajesh HM, Mukhopadhyay J, Beukes NJ et al (2009) Evidence for an early archaean granite from bastar craton, India. J Geol Soc 166:193–196. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492008-089
Ramesh DS, Bianchi MB, Sharma SD (2010) Images of possible fossil collision structures beneath the eastern ghats belt, india, from P and S receiver functions. Lithosphere 2:84–92. https://doi.org/10.1130/L70.1
Rao GS, Radhakrishna M, Sreejith KM et al (2016) Lithosphere structure and upper mantle characteristics below the bay of bengal. Geophys J Int 206:675–695. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw162
Ravi Kumar M, Saul J, Sarkar D et al (2001) Crustal structure of the indian shield: new constraints from teleseismic receiver functions. Geophys Res Lett 28:1339–1342. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012310
Reddy PR, Venkateswarlu N, Rao PK, Prasad ASSSRS (1999) Crustal structure of peninsular shield, india from DSS studies. Curr Sci 77:1606–1611
Roest WR, Verhoef J, Pilkington M (1992) Magnetic interpretation using the 3-D analytic signal. Geophysics 57:116–125. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443174
Rogers JJW (1996) A history of continents in the past three billion years. J Geol 104:91–107. https://doi.org/10.1086/629803
Romanowicz B (1995) A global tomographic model of shear attenuation in the upper mantle. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 100:12375–12394
Saha D, Bhowmik SK, Bose S, Sajeev K (2016) Proterozoic tectonics and trans-Indian mobile belts: a status report. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad 82:445–460
Saha GK, Prakasam KS, Rai SS (2020) Diversity in the peninsular Indian lithosphere revealed from ambient noise and earthquake tomography. Phys Earth Planet Inter 306:106523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106523
Sandwell DT, Renkin ML (1988) Compensation of swells and plateaus in the north pacific: no direct evidence for mantle convection. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 93:2775–2783. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB04p02775
Sandwell DT, Müller RD, Smith WHF et al (2014) New global marine gravity model from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 reveals buried tectonic structure. Science 346:65–67. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258213
Santosh M, Maruyama S, Yamamoto S (2009) The making and breaking of supercontinents: some speculations based on superplumes, super downwelling and the role of tectosphere. Gondwana Res 15:324–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2008.11.004
Santosh M, Shaji E, Tsunogae T et al (2013) Suprasubduction zone ophiolite from agali hill: petrology, zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and implications for neoarchean plate tectonics in southern India. Precambrian Res 231:301–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.04.003
Sarkar D, Sain K (2017) Deep seismic sounding experiments in the koyna RTS region: an overview of the results. J Geol Soc India 90:663–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-017-0773-x
Sathapathy SK, Radhakrishna M (2023) Crustal and lithospheric mantle structure below the Indian shield based on 3-D constrained gravity inversion and deep neural network approach: geological implications. Tectonophysics 863:229990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229990
Sathapathy SK, Radhakrishna M, Biswal TK, Giri Y (2023) Structure and geodynamic evolution of the lithosphere below northwest indian shield: constraints from geological, geochronological and multi-scale potential field modelling. Precambrian Res 397:107173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2023.107173
Shalivahan, Bhattacharya BB, Rao NVC, Maurya VP (2014) Thin lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary beneath Eastern Indian craton. Tectonophysics 612–613:128–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.036
Sharma R (2009) Cratons and fold belts of India. Springer
Shi Y, Huang Q, Liu X et al (2018) Provenance and tectonic setting of the supra-crustal succession of the qinling complex: Implications for the tectonic affinity of the north qinling belt, central China. J Asian Earth Sci 158:112–139
Shi Y-N, Li Z-H, Chen L, Morgan JP (2021) Connection between a subcontinental plume and the mid-lithospheric discontinuity leads to fast and intense craton lithospheric thinning. Tectonics 40:e2021TC006711. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC006711
Singh A, Singh C (2019) Seismic imaging of the deep crustal structure beneath eastern ghats mobile belt (India): crustal growth in the context of assembly of rodinia and gondwana supercontinents. Precambrian Res 331:105343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105343
Singh RP, Upadhyay VK, Das A (1987) Weathering potential index for rocks based on density and porosity measurements. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 96:239–247
Singh A, Kumar MR, Kumar N et al (2012) Seismic signatures of an altered crust and a normal transition zone structure beneath the godavari rift. Precambrian Res 220–221:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.07.006
Singh A, Mercier J-P, Ravi Kumar M et al (2014) Continental scale body wave tomography of india: evidence for attrition and preservation of lithospheric roots. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 15:658–675. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GC005056
Singh A, Singh C, Kennett BLN (2015a) A review of crust and upper mantle structure beneath the Indian subcontinent. Tectonophysics 644–645:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.01.007
Singh AP, Kumar N, Zeyen H (2015b) Three-dimensional lithospheric mapping of the eastern Indian shield: a multi-parametric inversion approach. Tectonophysics 665:164–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.09.038
Singh AP, Kumar N, Rao BN, Tiwari VM (2021) Geopotential evidence of a missing lithospheric root beneath the eastern indian shield: an integrated approach. Precambrian Res 356:106116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106116
Slabunov A, Egorova S, Singh VK (2016) Ikauna complex of the bundelkhand craton as a dunite-pyroxenite-gabbro layered intrusion: geochemistry and comparison with analogues from the karelian craton. in: an international conference on recent advances in material and chemical sciences. Abstract Book. Bundelkhand University. Jhansi, India. p 50
Slabunov AI, Singh VK (2019) Meso-neoarchaean crustal evolution of the bundelkhand craton, indian shield: new data from greenstone belts. Int Geol Rev 61:1409–1428. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2018.1512906
Spector A, Grant FS (1970) Statistical models for interpreting aeromagnetic data. Geophysics 35:293–302. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440092
Srivastava RK, Söderlund U, Ernst RE et al (2019) Precambrian mafic dyke swarms in the singhbhum craton (eastern India) and their links with dyke swarms of the eastern dharwar craton (southern India). Precambrian Res 329:5–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2018.08.001
Srivastava RK, Söderlund U, Ernst RE, Gautam GC (2021) A Ca. 2.25 Ga mafic dyke swarm discovered in the bastar craton, central india: implications for a widespread plume-generated large igneous province (LIP) in the indian shield. Precambrian Res 360:106232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106232
Subrahmanyam C, Verma RK (1981) Densities and magnetic susceptibilities of precambrian rocks of different metamorphic grade (southern Indian shield). J Geophys 49:101–107
Talwani M, Heirtzler JR (1964) Computation of magnetic anomalies caused by two dimensional structures of arbitrary shape, computers in the mineral industries GA parks, 464–480. Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
Talwani M, Worzel JL, Landisman M (1959) Rapid gravity computations for two-dimensional bodies with application to the mendocino submarine fracture zone. J Geophys Res 1896–1977(64):49–59. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ064i001p00049
Tanaka A, Okubo Y, Matsubayashi O (1999) Curie point depth based on spectrum analysis of the magnetic anomaly data in east and southeast Asia. Tectonophysics 306:461–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00072-4
Tozer B, Sandwell DT, Smith WHF et al (2019) Global bathymetry and topography at 15 Arc sec: SRTM15+. Earth Space Sci 6:1847–1864. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000658
Ussami N, Karner GD, Bott MHP (1986) Crustal detachment during south atlantic rifting and formation of tucano—gabon basin system. Nature 322:629–632. https://doi.org/10.1038/322629a0
Vasanthi A, Singh AP, Kumar N et al (2021) Crust-mantle structure and lithospheric destruction of the oldest craton in the indian shield. Precambrian Res 362:106280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106280
Verma SK, Verma SP, Oliveira EP et al (2016) LA-SF-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology of granitic rocks from the central bundelkhand greenstone complex, bundelkhand craton, India. J Asian Earth Sci 118:125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.12.021
Youssof M, Thybo H, Artemieva IM, Levander A (2013) Moho depth and crustal composition in southern Africa. Tectonophysics 609:267–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.09.001
Zeyen H, Fernàndez M (1994) Integrated lithospheric modeling combining thermal, gravity, and local isostasy analysis: application to the NE spanish geotransect. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 99:18089–18102. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00898
Zeyen H, Ayarza P, Fernàndez M, Rimi A (2005) Lithospheric structure under the western african-european plate boundary: a transect across the atlas mountains and the gulf of cadiz. Tectonics 24:TC2001. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004TC001639
Zhai M-G, Santosh M (2011) The early precambrian odyssey of the north china craton: a synoptic overview. Gondwana Res 20:6–25
Zingerle P, Pail R, Gruber T, Oikonomidou X (2020) The combined global gravity field model XGM2019e. J Geod 94:66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01398-0
Acknowledgements
This research work forms part of the PhD thesis of the first author (SKS). SKS thank the Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Bombay, for providing the necessary facilities for this research work. The authors are also thankful to Peter Betts, Monash University, Australia for helping with many editorial corrections to the final version of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
SKS carries out the computation, processing, and analysis of geophysical data with inputs from YG and MR. MR provided feedback on the manuscript writing and figure preparation. All the authors contributed towards the final version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests
Authors hereby declare that there is no conflict of interest related to the submission of this manuscript.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sathapathy, S.K., Giri, Y. & Radhakrishna, M. Evidence of lithosphere erosion in the Eastern Indian shield from multi-scale potential field modelling: geodynamic implications. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-024-02416-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-024-02416-8