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Comparison of Testosterone Extraction from Human Plasma Using MOFs (MIL-53(Al) and ZIF-8)-Based D-µ-SPE Coupled to HPLC–UV

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Abstract

A novel technique utilizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely MIL-53(Al) and ZIF-8, has been developed for the extraction of testosterone from human plasma through dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-µ-SPE or DMSPE). The synthesized MOFs were subjected to characterization via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The parameters affecting the extraction were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be 15 min for contact time, 1 mg for MIL-53(Al) amount, and 0.23% (w/v) for NaCl concentration. For ZIF-8, a contact time of 22 min, a sorbent amount of 5.4 mg, and a salt concentration of 0.34% (w/v) were obtained. Batch absorption studies were conducted to find appropriate kinetic and isotherm models. The results indicated that while testosterone absorption was favorable in both cases, MIL-53 (Al) had a higher absorption capacity than ZIF-8. Finally, the proposed method was subjected to analytical validation for determination of testosterone in plasma samples. Good analytical performance was achieved, including a dynamic range of 0.05–1 µg/mL using each of the sorbents. The precision (expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD)) and accuracy (expressed as the percentage error) of the method for testosterone and MIL-53(Al) were found to be 3.40% and 2.79%, respectively, while for testosterone and ZIF-8, they were 4.24% and 4.22%, respectively. The method effectively extracted 97% and 96% of testosterone from spiked plasma samples using MIL-53(Al) and ZIF-8, respectively.

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Data availability

The data supporting the finding of this study are available in the manuscript and the electronic supplementary material. Any more data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Notes

  1. Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre.

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Acknowledgements

This study was part of a PhD thesis supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant No: 40258).

Funding

This study was part of a PhD thesis supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant No: 40258).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Somaye Akbari, Azra Takhvar, Effat Souri & Mohsen Amini

  2. Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Ahmadkhaniha

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Morsali

  4. Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Khoshayand

  5. Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran

    Alireza Taheri

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  1. Somaye Akbari
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Contributions

SA wrote the article, AT completed figures, ES, RA and AM designed and performed all experiments and provided compounds for testing, MRK performed a statistical analysis of the results, ES, MA and AT reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Effat Souri or Reza Ahmadkhaniha.

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Akbari, S., Takhvar, A., Souri, E. et al. Comparison of Testosterone Extraction from Human Plasma Using MOFs (MIL-53(Al) and ZIF-8)-Based D-µ-SPE Coupled to HPLC–UV. Chromatographia (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-024-04329-9

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