Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clean synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on polyamide fabrics by Verbascum thapsus L. (mullein) extract: characterization, colorimetric, antibacterial, and colorfastness studies

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The production of antibacterial colored textiles using nanomaterials (NMs) has become an ideal goal from both a research and industrial perspective. In this study, the clean synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on polyamide fabrics were performed using mullein extract for the first time. Natural dyes were extracted from mullein leaves using an ultrasonic method, with an optimal amount of 15 g/L. The synthesized AgNPs in different ratios of mullein extract and Ag ions were analyzed (using UV–visible spectroscopy) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was found that AgNPs synthesized with a ratio of 1:4 of mullein extract: to Ag ions had a diameter of 85 nm. The active site groups of the synthesized AgNPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Nylon fabrics dyed with different ratios of mullein extract and Ag ions exhibited acceptable color strength values (K/S) of 3.36. Furthermore, the reduction in bacterial growth for dyed fabrics improved with an increase in the ratio of Ag ions, with a 100% reduction observed for a sample dyed with mullein extract: Ag ions at a ratio of 1:4. Overall, this method offers a simple, low-cost, and compatible process with environment without the consumption of any chemicals to producing nylon with acceptable antibacterial and dyeing properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  • Alsaiari NS, Alzahrani FM, Amari A, Osman H, Harharah HN, Elboughdiri N, Tahoon MA (2023) Plant and microbial approaches as green methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials: synthesis, applications, and future perspectives. Molecules 28(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010463

  • Alvarenga AD, Lima B de A, Teodoro KBR, da Costa VPV, Aguiar ML, Correa DS (2024) Effect of static electricity and thickness of solution blow spun polyamide 6/AgNP nanofibrous membrane on nanoparticle filtration and microbiological activity. Appl Surf Sci 652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.159215

  • Anees Ahmad S, Sachi Das S, Khatoon A et al (2020) Bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles: a mechanistic review. Mater Sci Energy Technol 3:756–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2020.09.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aponte H, Meli P, Butler B et al (2020) Meta-analysis of heavy metal effects on soil enzyme activities. Sci Total Environ 737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139744

  • Arshad F, Naikoo GA, Hassan IU, Chava SR, El-Tanani M, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala MM (2023) Bioinspired and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for medical applications: a green perspective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04719-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badola G, Negi D (2017) Antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of Verbascum thapsus leaves extract mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles. Int J Herb Med 4:4–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson R, He W (2024) Polymeric biomaterials. In: Kutz M (ed) In Plastics Design Library, Applied plastics engineering handbook, 3rd edn. William Andrew Publishing, Elsevier, pp 167–187

  • Calabrese G, Zappalà A, Dolcimascolo A, Acquaviva R, Parenti R, Malfa GA (2021) Phytochemical analysis and anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritic bioactive potential of Verbascum thapsus L. (scrophulariaceae) leaf extract evaluated in two in vitro models of inflammation and osteoarthritis. Molecules 26(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175392

  • Chinnathambi A, Awad Alahmadi T, Ali Alharbi S (2021) Biogenesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) using leaf extract of Allium noeanum, antioxidant and in-vitro cytotoxicity. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 49:500–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2021.1926275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai Y, Li H, Wan J, Liang L, Yan J (2024) Green in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural madder dye for the preparation of coloured functional cotton fabric. Ind Crops Prod 208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117871

  • Ejaz U, Afzal M, Mazhar M, Riaz M, Ahmed N, Rizg WY, Alahmadi AA, Badr MY, Mushtaq RY, Yean CY (2024) Characterization, synthesis, and biological activities of silver nanoparticles produced via green synthesis method using Thymus vulgaris aqueous extract. Int J Nanomedicine 19:453–469. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S446017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elemike EE, Onwudiwe DC, Mkhize Z (2016) Eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs using Verbascum thapsus extract and its photocatalytic activity. Mater Lett 185:452–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.09.026

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Molla MM, El-Ghorab AH (2022) Extraction of eco-friendly essential oils and their utilization in finishing polyester fabrics for fragrant and medical textiles. J Eng Fiber Fabr 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250221104475

  • Elnagar K, Abou Elmaaty T, Raouf S (2014) Dyeing of polyester and polyamide synthetic fabrics with natural dyes using ecofriendly technique. J Textiles 2014:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/363079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gokiladevi RP, Ellampirai PM, Ramesh Kumar A, Srivignesh S, Krishna KR (2023) Natural colour extraction from horticultural crops, advancements, and applications—a review. Nat Prod Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2023.2280796

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonca S, Arslan H, Isik Z et al (2021) The surface modification of ultrafiltration membrane with silver nanoparticles using Verbascum thapsus leaf extract using green synthesis phenomena. Surf Interfaces 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101291

  • Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Gómez-Mora JA, Meraz-Rodríguez MA et al (2019) Effect of flavonoids on antimicrobial activity of microorganisms present in dental plaque. Heliyon 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03013

  • Hasan KMF, Pervez MN, Talukder ME et al (2019) A novel coloration of polyester fabric through green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs@PET). Nanomaterials 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9040569

  • Hashemi Z, Mizwari ZM, Mohammadi-Aghdam S, Mortazavi-Derazkola S, Ali Ebrahimzadeh M (2022) Sustainable green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus ebulus phenolic extract (AgNPs@SEE): optimization and assessment of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and their in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activity: sustainable green. Arab J Chem 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103525

  • Huang L, Sun Y, Mahmud S, Liu H (2020) Biological and environmental applications of silver nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 30:1653–1668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01313-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • İlhan İ, Özkan İ, Uslukul Ö (2024) An experimental study on EMI shielding and antibacterial activity of woven fabrics including silver nanocomposite yarns. AATCC J Res. https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444231212953

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li N, Wang Q, Zhou J et al (2022) Insight into the progress on natural dyes: sources, structural features, health effects, challenges, and potential. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Huang L, Mahmud S, Liu H (2020) Gold nanoparticles biosynthesized using Ginkgo biloba leaf aqueous extract for the decolorization of azo-dyes and fluorescent detection of Cr(VI). J Clust Sci 31:549–560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-019-01673-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmud S, Pervez N, Taher MA et al (2020) Multifunctional organic cotton fabric based on silver nanoparticles green synthesized from sodium alginate. Text Res J 90:1224–1236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517519887532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manhita A, Ferreira T, Candeias A, Barrocas Dias C (2011) Extracting natural dyes from wool-an evaluation of extraction methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 400:1501–1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4858-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mirnezhad S, Sadeghi-Kiakhani M, Hashemi E (2023) Wool dyeing using Ziziphus bark extract as a natural dye: studies on the dyeing, antibacterial, and antioxidant characteristics. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30:51504–51517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25682-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mondal MS, Paul A, Rhaman M (2023) Recycling of silver nanoparticles from electronic waste via green synthesis and application of AgNPs-chitosan based nanocomposite on textile material. Sci Rep 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40668-7

  • Mouro C, Gomes AP, Costa RV et al (2023) The sustainable bioactive dyeing of textiles: a novel strategy using bacterial pigments, natural antibacterial ingredients, and deep eutectic solvents. Gels 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9100800

  • Nadeem A, Ahmed B, Shahzad H et al (2021) Verbascum thapsus (mullein) versatile polarity extracts: GC-MS analysis, phytochemical profiling, anti-bacterial potential and anti-oxidant activity. Pharmacognosy Journal 13:1488–1497. https://doi.org/10.5530/PJ.2021.13.189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasrollahzadeh M, Mohammad Sajadi S (2016) Pd nanoparticles synthesized in situ with the use of Euphorbia granulate leaf extract: catalytic properties of the resulting particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 462:243–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.065

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega F, Versino F, López OV, García MA (2022) Biobased composites from agro-industrial wastes and by-products. Emergent Mater 5(3):873–921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00319-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prem P, Naveenkumar S, Kamaraj C, Ragavendran C, Priyadharsan A, Manimaran K, Alharbi NS, Rarokar N, Cherian T, Sugumar V, Thiruvengadam M, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V (2024) Valeriana jatamansi root extract a potent source for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications, and photocatalytic decomposition. Green Chem Lett Rev 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2024.2305142

  • Qing Y, Cheng L, Li R et al (2018) Potential antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles and the optimization of orthopedic implants by advanced modification technologies. Int J Nanomed 13:3311–3327. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S165125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rather LJ, Zhou Q, Ali A et al (2020) Valorization of natural dyes extracted from mugwort leaves (Folium artemisiae argyi) for wool fabric dyeing: optimization of extraction and dyeing processes with simultaneous coloration and biofunctionalization. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8:2822–2834. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy S, Ghosh S, Bhowmick N, Roychoudhury PK (2016) Study the effect of denier and fiber cut length on zeta potential of nylon and polyester fibers for sustainable dyeing process. J Environ Res Dev 11:392–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghi-Kiakhani M, Hashemi E, Miri FS, Tehrani-Bagha AR, Etezad SM (2023) Dyeing of nylon fabric with two natural dyes, saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and weld (Reseda luteola L.), and study their dyeing, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Fibers Polym 24(3):1083–1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00040-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadjadi S, Mohammadi P, Heravi M (2020) Bio-assisted synthesized Pd nanoparticles supported on ionic liquid decorated magnetic halloysite: an efficient catalyst for degradation of dyes. Sci Rep 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63558-8

  • Sharifi-Rad M, Elshafie HS, Pohl P (2024) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Lallemantia royleana leaf extract: their bio-pharmaceutical and catalytic properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.115318

  • Shree Roy T, Rafsan Fahim M, Akhter Himu H, Abdul Gafur M (2024) Developments of antibacterial textiles with functionality of hazardous pollutant degradation. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag:100934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2024.100934

  • Singh M, Vajpayee M, Ledwani L (2021) Eco-friendly surface modification of natural fibres to improve dye uptake using natural dyes and application of natural dyes in fabric finishing: a review. Mater Today Proc 43:2868–2871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.078

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Surana D, Vinay PP, Ghosh P, Sharma S, Kumar V, Kumar S (2024) Microplastic fibers in different environmental matrices from synthetic textiles: ecotoxicological risk, mitigation strategies, and policy perspective. J Environ Chem Eng 12(2):112333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.112333

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thakur N, Raposo A (2023) Development and application of fruit and vegetable based green films with natural bio-actives in meat and dairy products: a review. J Sci Food Agric 103(13):6167–6179. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tran NHT, Do Tran PQ, Phan BT, Ta HKT, Mai NXD, Hoa LT, Tran TVT, Van Hoang D (2021) Gold nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for highly sensitive biosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance applied in determination C-reactive protein. Sci Technol Dev J 24(1):1862–1869. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v24i1.2489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma M, Gahlot N, Singh SSJ, Rose NM (2021) UV protection and antibacterial treatment of cellulosic fibre (cotton) using chitosan and onion skin dye. Carbohydr Polym 257:117612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weldegebrieal GK (2020) Photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of CuO nanoparticles biosynthesized using Verbascum thapsus leaves extract. Optik (Stuttg) 204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164230

  • Zayed M, Othman HA, Ghazal H, Hassabo AG (2022) A valuable observation on natural plants extracts for valuable functionalization of cotton fabric (an overview). Egypt J Chem 65:499–524. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.96598.4519

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by “Institute for Color Science and Technology.” Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani has received research support from Institute for Color Science and Technology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

    Elaheh Hashemi & Mohammad-Mahdi Norouzi

Authors
  1. Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Elaheh Hashemi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad-Mahdi Norouzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani and Elaheh Hashemi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mohammad-Mahdi Norouzi. Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani and Elaheh Hashemi commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani, Mohammad-Mahdi Norouzi. and Elaheh Hashemi read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

The authors approved the ethical responsibilities.

Consent to participate

The authors willingly participate.

Consent for publication

The authors willingly publish.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: George Z. Kyzas

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 1.20 MB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sadeghi-Kiakhani, M., Hashemi, E. & Norouzi, MM. Clean synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on polyamide fabrics by Verbascum thapsus L. (mullein) extract: characterization, colorimetric, antibacterial, and colorfastness studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33373-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33373-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation